英国都铎王朝时期王权对大学的影响

The Influence of Royal Power on Universities in Tudor England

都铎王朝是英国历史上的一个分水岭,这一时期封建主义开始向资本主义过渡,英国的封建君主专制也进入到黄金时期。这一时期英国只有牛津和剑桥两所大学。大学建立之初由教会管理,主要目的之一是培养神职人员。英国宗教改革后,王权取代教权成为大学的管辖者,对大学的发展总体来说是一个积极的推动者。都铎王朝几任君主对大学的干预和控制措施,很大一部分无疑迎合了大学本身的要求,给大学带来了很多益处,促进大学世俗化、民族性以及独立性的发展。

The Tudor Dynasty is considered as a watershed in the history of England.During this period,feudalism began to transit to capitalism,and the feudal absolute monarchy of England also entered the golden age.At that time,there were only two universities in England,Oxford and Cambridge,which were run,at the beginning of foundation,by the church with the main purpose of train the clergy.After the English Reformation,the crown became the ruler of the university by replacing the church,which was a positive promoter for the development of the university in general.The intervention and control measures of several Tudor monarchs to the university,a large part of which undoubtedly catered to the requirements of the university itself,brought a lot of benefi ts to the university,and promoted the development of secularization,national character and independence of the university.