天基星空背景观测覆盖范围计算方法研究

Calculation method of the coverage region for spaceborne observations above the horizon

针对日趋复杂的空间环境,天基观测由于其分布灵活和全天候观测的特性受到越来越多的关注,该类问题为典型的星空背景观测(above-the-horizon,ATH)问题。基于分段积分思想,提出了一种ATH观测三维空间覆盖范围的计算方法,涵盖了该问题所有可能的10种积分形式,适用于因观测约束参数不同取值而形成的任意几何构型场景。不仅在二维平面覆盖问题上与现有方法进行了比较并验证,还首次解决了ATH在三维空间中覆盖体积的定量解析计算难题。仿真结果表明,平面和空间覆盖最大化所对应的最优观测轨道高度存在明显差异,空间覆盖计算模型能更为准确有效地表示卫星覆盖性能,同时能为星座优化设计提供参考。

For the increasingly complex space environment,space-based observations have attracted more and more attention due to their flexible distribution and all-weather observation,which is a typical above-the-horizon(ATH)observation problem.Based on the concept of segmental integration,a quantitative calculation method of the coverage region for ATH observations was proposed,which includes all possibilities of 10 integral forms of the problem for scenarios with any observation constraints.Not only has the two-dimensional planar coverage problem been verified with existing methods,but also the quantitative analytical calculation problem of the coverage volume of ATH in three-dimensional space has been solved for the first time.The simulation results show that there is a significant difference between the optimal orbit altitude corresponding to the maximization of planar and spatial coverage.The proposed approaches are more accurate and efficient in coverage performance,providing reference for constellation design.