楼宇空调需求响应实时控制仿真与实践研究

Simulation and practice on demand response real-time control of building air conditioning

日益增长的空调降温负荷已成为夏季电网负荷尖峰不断增长的主要因素。为引导资源庞大、调控灵活的空调负荷参与需求响应实现“源荷互动”,保障电网的安全经济运行,开展了楼宇空调需求响应实时控制仿真与实践研究。通过建立空调房间的等效热参数模型,分析空调调控的稳态及动态过程,考虑室内外温度信息及削荷要求,对单台和聚合空调开展实时温度直接控制与梯度控制仿真,并于武汉迈异办公楼开展温度直接控制实践。结果表明,实践的办公楼内室内温度仅上升1.2℃,而空调的需求响应控制有效削减了尖峰时期负荷,具有很高的调控价值。另外,温度梯度控制能取得更平稳和长期的削荷效果,并抑制了负荷反弹现象,更贴近需求响应调控的要求。

The increasing cooling load of air conditioning has become the main factor for the increasing peak load of power grid in summer. In order to guide the air conditioning load with huge resources and flexible regulation to participate in the demand response, realize“source load interaction”and ensure the safe and economic operation of power grid, the simulation and practical research on demand response real-time control of building air conditioning is carried out. By establishing the equivalent thermal parameter model of air conditioned room, analyzing the steady-state and dynamic process of air conditioning regulation, considering the indoor and outdoor temperature information and load reduction requirements, the real-time temperature direct control and gradient control simulation of single air conditioning and collective air conditioning are carried out, and the temperature direct control practice is carried out in an office building in Wuhan. The results show that the indoor temperature rises only 1.2 ℃, and the demand response control of air conditioning effectively reduces the load in peak period, which has high regulation value. In addition, the temperature gradient control can achieve a more stable and long-term load cutting effect, inhibit the load rebound phenomenon, and be closer to the requirements of demand response regulation.