国外新就业形态的发展、问题及借鉴

The Development,Problems and Enlightenment of New Forms of Employment in Foreign Countries

新就业形态在国际上迅速发展,成为近期劳动力市场的重大变化趋势。本文旨在对国外新就业形态的发展趋势提供系统概览,总结问题、经验和对策,提出对我国的借鉴建议。其中对新就业形态概念界定和分类进行概括,认为多样化的平台工作是新就业形态的主要表现形态。平台工作的全球总体规模发展迅速,同时区域分布、职业和行业、岗位模式、就业群体都呈现新特点,各经济体发展差异明显。新就业形态面临弱势群体扩大、法律身份模糊、就业质量低和保障制度缺失等普遍性问题。主要经济体纷纷对此推进法律政策创新,提出对策。我国可以借鉴国际经验,在充分发挥新就业形态促进就业作用的基础上,完善就业监管顶层设计,渐进式推进相关保障制度建设,分类治理劳动力市场面临的新问题。

The new forms of employment are developing rapidly throughout the world,and have recently become a major trend in the labor market.This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of the development of new forms of employment in foreign countries,based on which,problems,experience and responses in this field are summarized,and recommendations are put forward that are helpful for our country.Meanwhile,the definition and classification of new employment forms are summarized.It is found that the main feature of these new employment forms is that they are diverse forms of jobs on platform.The overall scale of the platform work has developed rapidly with its regional distribution,occupations and industries involved,its job forms and groups of people in employment all showing new characteristics,and obvious difference of development in this field can be seen in different economies.The new forms of employment face widespread problems such as the increasing number of vulnerable groups,its definition being vague in legal terms,its low employment quality and the lack of security system etc..As such,some major economies have advanced relevant polices,laws or regulations to be formulated or revised,and putting forward responses targeting work on platforms.By learning international experience,and based on the ideas that the role of new forms of employment in promoting employment can be fully played,the top-level design of employment regulation should be improved,the construction of relevant security systems should be gradually advanced,and new problems arising from the labor market should be addressed according to the classification.