自然会话叙事中身份建构的指向过程研究

Exploring the Indexical Process of Identity Construction within Naturally Occurring Conversational Narratives

近年来社会文化语言学认为,身份是在社会互动中建构的,话语和身份之间不是相关关系,而是指向关系。但是,对于自然会话叙事这种特殊的语类来说,身份的指向过程有待进一步深究。本文在批判评估指向关系理论的基础上,基于作者以往对叙事定位理论的研究,提出自然会话叙事中指向过程研究的概念模式,包括故事世界中的语符映射过程,叙述情景中的会话推理过程,多种宏大叙事中的语境化过程。其中,交际者的会话推理过程起着连接其它两者的重要作用。最后,文章建议,使用会话分析和民族志的研究方法,融合现象学的释义循环过程十分重要。

Sociocultural linguists claim that identity is constructed through social interactions,and the relationship between discourse and identity is not correlational but indexical.However,the indexical processes within the special genre of naturally occurring conversational narratives are yet to be explored.Based on critical review of studies on indexicality and prior works on narrative positioning,this study presents a conceptual model of indexical processes within conversational narratives,which contains indexical mapping in narrative world,conversational inference in narrating situation,and contextualizing process within diverse master narratives,among which conversational inference bridges the gap between the other two levels.Finally,it points out the significance of combining the methods of conversation analysis and ethnography,integrating hermeneutic circle within a phenomenological approach.