不同日龄石歧鸽体尺与屠宰性能的主成分与通径分析

Principal Component and Path Analysis of Body Size and Slaughter Performance of Different Days of Shiqi Pigeon

为研究不同日龄石歧鸽体型外貌特征,探究体尺与屠宰性能之间的相关性,选取石歧鸽成年鸽和28日龄乳鸽各60只(公母各半),测定体尺与屠宰性能,并进行主成分分析和通径分析。结果表明,28日龄乳鸽体质量与成年公母鸽存在显著差异;除胫长和胫围无显著差异外,其他指标均存在显著性差异;从占比数据看,从乳鸽到成年鸽胫长、胫围、屠宰率和腿肌率变化很小,腹脂质量和腹脂率减少最明显,胸肌质量增大最明显;28日龄乳鸽和成年石歧鸽的体尺与屠宰性状呈不同程度的相关性。主成分分析结果表明,成年鸽和28日龄乳鸽各选取前5个主成分(累计贡献率88.597%和87.900%),在成年鸽中,体质量、胸深、腹脂质量、胫围和胫长对主成分贡献率最大,在28日龄乳鸽中,体质量、胸宽、腹脂质量、胫围和胫长对主成分贡献率较大。对石歧成年鸽和28日龄乳鸽进行体型选育时应包括体质量、胸深、胸宽、胫围和胫长5个指标。通径分析显示,在石歧成年鸽和28日龄乳鸽中,胸宽和龙骨长均是影响屠宰性能的重要指标。

In order to study the body appearance characteristics of different days of Shiqi pigeon and explore the correlation between body size and slaughter performance,sixty adults and sixty 28-day-old squabs(half male and female)of Shiqi pigeon were selected to measure body size and slaughter performance,and principal component analysis and path analysis were conducted.The results showed that the body weight of 28-day-old squabs was significantly different from that of adult male and female pigeons.Except shank length and shank circumference,there were significant differences in other indexes.From the proportional data,shank length,shank circumference,slaughter rate and leg muscle rate had little change from squab to adult.The decrease of abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage was most significant,but the increase in pectoral muscle weight was most significant.The body size of 28-day-old squabs and adult pigeons was correlated with slaughter traits in different degrees.The results of principal component analysis showed that the first five principal components(cumulative contribution rates of 88.597%and 87.900%)were selected for adult pigeons and 28-day-old squabs respectively.Among adult pigeons,body weight,chest depth,abdominal fat weight,shank circumference and shank length contributed the most to the principal components.Among 28-day-old squabs,body weight,chest width,abdominal fat weight,shank circumference and shank length contributed the most to the principal components.Therefore,five indexes of body weight,chest depth,chest width,shank circumference and shank length must be included in body shape selection of 28-day-old squabs and adult pigeons.The results of path analysis showed that both chest width and keel length were important indicators affecting slaughter performance in adult and 28-day-old Shiqi pigeon.