双电层电容器植物基活性炭研究进展

Research Progress of Plant-derived Activated Carbon for Electric Double Layer Capacitors

双电层电容器(EDLCs)是一种具有高功率密度、长循环寿命和宽温度区间的储能器件,在交通运输、微电网和物联网等领域具有广阔的应用前景。双电层电容器的正负极材料均采用一种具有发达孔隙结构、高比表面积和高振实密度的碳材料——活性炭。植物因其丰富性、多样性和再生性等优点,被认为是最具潜力的活性炭制备原材料。对用于EDLCs的植物基活性炭进行了综述。首先简介EDLCs的性能优势以及基本工作原理和应用领域,并将应用于活性炭制备的植物原料分为农林植物、水生植物、果壳和植物基分子四类。然后,讨论高性能EDLCs对活性炭的基本要求,以及活性炭的制备方法和原理。其次,对植物基活性炭的制备和在EDLCs的应用进展进行了阐述,并讨论了植物基活性炭的催化石墨化相关进展。最后是进行总结,并展望了植物基活性炭应用于EDLCs的广阔前景和进一步研究方向。

Electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)are a type of high-power and long-cycle energy storage device with wide operating temperature range.EDLCs have promising applications in transportation,microgrids,and the internet of things.Activated carbon,which is characterized by its high nanoporosity,high surface area,and high tap density,is the most widely applied electrode material for EDLCs.Plants,owing to the abundance,diversity,and renewability,have been considered as the most promising precursors for producing activated carbon.In this work,plant-derived activated carbon for EDLCs has been reviewed.First,the merits and operating mechanism for EDLCs have been briefly presented,and the plant-based precursors for activated carbon have been divided into four categories:agriculture&forestry plants,aquatic plants,fruit shells,and plant-derived molecules.Second,the basic requirements on activated carbon have been discussed,as well as the methods and mechanisms for preparing activated carbon.Third,the research progress of activated carbon prepared from plants has been reviewed,as well as the catalytic graphitization of the activated carbon derived from plants.Fourth,conclusions are presented,and the prospect for the promising applications in EDLCs and further research direction of plant-derived activated carbon have been delivered.