巴蜀符号印、汉字印对比释读及巴蜀符号释读方法问题——兼与冯时、冯广宏、李学勤等先生商榷

The Comparison of the Interpretation of Bashu Symbolic Imprints and Bashu Chinese Character Imprints and Issues of Bashu Symbol Interpretation Method

巴蜀符号迄今是一个未解之谜,自发现以来70多年,释读一直没有重要进展。将巴蜀符号视为文字是学界主要认识,但这种认识并没有可靠的理论支撑以及严谨可靠的论证。有学者主要依据冬笋坝M50等所出土汉字印与巴蜀符号印进行对比释读和研究,得出巴蜀符号印章在“内容与形制”上都模仿汉文印章、巴蜀符号即文字,以及在此基础上可以识读其他一些巴蜀文字等认识。该文通过多角度分析探讨,认为这种对读没有理论支持、其默认或主张的前提(相关巴蜀符号印与汉文印意思表达相同)不可靠,结论和认识存在不少缺陷、疑问和障碍,在此基础上的所有延伸释读、认识和结论,也是不可靠的。巴蜀符号的释读和研究,首先要重视方法论问题,可能需要更为宽广的思路和视野,要以诸多基础性工作的完成为前提。

The Bashu symbols have so far been an unsolved mystery. For more than 70 years since its discovery, there has been no significant progress in interpretation. The main cognition of the academic world is treating the Bashu symbols as Chinese characters,but there is no reliable theoretical support or rigorous and reliable evidence. Some researchers mainly based on the study and interpretation comparison of the Chinese character imprints and Bashu symbolic imprints printed on the Winter Bamboo Shoots Plain M50, and concluded that the seals of the Bashu symbol imitated the Chinese seals on the basis of “content and form”, Bashu symbols were characters, and other Bashu characters could be read based on previous opinions. Through multi-angle analyses, it is considered that: this kind of interpretation is lack of theoretical supports;its default or the premise of the claim(the meaning of relevant Bashu symbolic imprints are the same as the Chinese imprints) is unreliable;there are many defects, doubts and obstacles in the conclusions and cognition;and certainly, all extended interpretations, understandings and conclusions based on these are also unreliable. The interpretation and research of the Bashu symbols should pay attention to the methodological issues first, which may require a broader perspective and vision, and must be based on the completion of many basic tasks.