清季民初天地门教在河北的传播——以河北省社科院所藏高阳碑刻为中心的考察

Dissemination of “Tian Di Men” Religion in Hebei Area in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China——On the Rubbings of Inscriptions in Gaoyang County Collected by Hebei Academy of Social Sciences

天地门教自清初从山东传入直隶,在直隶地区流传长达200余年,为河北下层民众的主要宗教信仰之一。该文利用河北省社会科学院所藏高阳碑刻拓片中的《前清硕德王君起发(建业)暨德配张氏墓志》和《王建业墓碑记》等资料,发现王建业为高阳一方天地门教教首,他利用行医为手段传教,徒众遍及高阳数村,具有较大社会影响力。其宗教活动中既有圣会、坛场等传教形式,也有殿堂、道房等公开建筑场地,绝非像濮文起先生所云仅以一家一户为单位。其妻子、外孙和孙子也为天地门教徒。因此,王建业家族其实是一个典型的天地门教世家,对于研究清季民初河北乃至中国北方天地门教的传播具有一定的典型个案意义。

Religion “Tian Di Men” was introduced into Zhili Province from Shandong Province since the early Qing Dynasty, and spreaded in Zhili Province for more than 200 years. It was one of the main religious beliefs of the lower classes in Hebei Province.Based on the rubbings of inscriptions in Gaoyang County collected by Hebei Academy of Social Sciences, for example, Zhang’s epitaph and Wang Jianye’s tombstone, this paper finds that Wang Jianye was the head of Religion “Tian Di Men” in Gaoyang County. He attracted many believers through practicing medicine and had great social influence. His religious activities were not only in the form of congregations and altars, but also carried out in public places such as halls and Taoist houses. It was not as Mr. Pu Wenqi said that the acitivies were performed only in one family unit. Wang Jianye’s wife and grandchildren were all believers. This was a typical family of Religion “Tian Di Men”, which is of certain significance to the study of the spread of the religion in Hebei Province and Northern China in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.