作为精神资源的歌德学——文学革命和抗日救亡背景下的歌德研究

Goethe Study as Spiritual Resources——Goethe Study in the Context of Literary Revolution and Movement of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

20世纪上半叶,王国维、郭沫若、宗白华等人对歌德作品和思想在中国的传播作出了巨大贡献。虽然他们进入歌德研究领域的方式各不相同,贡献也颇有差异,但他们得益于海外留学经历,积极地将歌德视为重要的精神资源。他们或以歌德为人生榜样呼唤对人格的全面培育,或推动狂飙突进式的文学革命来重塑民族精神,或张扬浮士德式的奋斗精神以挽救国家危亡。在文学革命与抗日救亡思潮的共同推动下,歌德在二三十年代的中国爆发出巨大精神感召力,歌德的人生、思想和作品都成为知识分子获取精神资源的宝库。而歌德研究与时代需求的结合则对歌德学在中国的发展产生了决定性的推动作用。

In the first half of the 20th century,Wang Guowei,Guo Moruo,Zong Baihua and some others made great contributions to the dissemination of Goethe’s works and ideas in China.Although they entered the field of Goethe study in different ways and their contributions were varied,they all benefited from their overseas study experiences and actively regarded Goethe as important spiritual resources.They either called for comprehensive cultivation of personality with Goethe as their role model,or promoted a furious literary revolution to reshape the national spirit,or advocated a Faustian spirit of struggle to save the country from peril.Under the joint impetus of literary revolution and the movement of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,Goethe stirred a great spiritual inspiration in China in the 1920s and 1930s,and Goethe’s life,thoughts and works became a treasure trove for intellectuals to acquire spiritual resources.The combination of Goethe study and the needs of the times gave a decisive impetus to the development of Goethe study in China.