摘要
《利维坦》体现了霍布斯国家观的自然向度和人学向度。霍布斯在披露自然状态、强调自由以及自然法的过程中,同时又批判了神学及宗教,张扬世俗“主权”以及社会契约设定的重要性。霍布斯围绕着国家主权、个人自存权等,探讨自然权利和社会权力的理论与历史,同时说明人性启蒙的问题。权力的自然向度,指的是自然状态下的自然权利及其自然让渡;权力的人学向度,指的是从人性假设出发,突破教会权威之后的绝对主权,将国家视为人格的总体性,并观察国家运动的历史与现状。不管是经验假设还是逻辑演绎,霍布斯都在追求理性国家的建构方案,并反复强调国家权力的权威性和合法性。
Leviathan embodies the natural and anthropological orientations of Hobbes’ view of the state.While disclosing the state of nature and emphasizing freedom and natural law,Hobbes also criticizes theology and religion,and advocates the importance of secular “sovereignty”and social contract.Hobbes explores the theory and history of natural rights and social power around the sovereignty of the state and the right to individual self-existence,while illustrating the enlightenment of human nature.The natural orientation of power refers to natural rights in the state of nature and their natural cession;the anthropological orientation of power refers to the absolute sovereignty after breaking through the authority of the church from the assumption of human nature,considering the state as the totality of personality,and observing the history and current situation of the state movement.Regardless of empirical assumptions or logical deduction,Hobbes pursues the constructive scheme of rational state and repeatedly emphasizes the legitimacy of state authority.
作者
唐解云
Tang Xieyun(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing,China)
出处
《社会科学论坛》
2022年第6期73-80,共8页
Tribune of Social Sciences
基金
中国人民大学2020年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果。
关键词
霍布斯
《利维坦》
自然向度
人学向度
社会权力
Hobbes
Leviathan
natural orientation
anthropological orientation
social power
