天津旧式里弄住宅本土演绎独立性初探

Study on the Development of Old-Style Li-Long Housing of Tianjin: An Independent Evolution

作为中国北方近代住宅的代表类型之一,天津里弄住宅有着独特的空间形态和传承价值,然而学界的关注点多集中在以前租界的新式里弄,与之相比更具有本土地域特征的天津旧式里弄住宅不仅基础数据匮乏,其发展特征和演变规律亦缺少研究。文章聚焦天津旧式里弄住宅,在厘清概念与类型定义的基础上,通过对地理空间分布上的差异性、居住人群阶层的分离性以及类型发展时间的重叠性的分析,阐释了天津旧式里弄发展的独立性和时间节点,即其与新式里弄之间不必然的继承或进化关系,最终梳理出中国北方本土合院住宅以不同于新式里弄的自主近代化方式进行的住宅类型演变,丰富了北方传统住宅类型近代化的历史。

As a representative type of modern residential housing in northern China, Li-long housing of Tianjin enjoys unique spatial pattern and inheritance value. The existing research pays more attention to the new-style ones in concession areas before. While the old-style ones, despite having more local features, are always undervalued, resulting in a lack of basic data and research on the development characteristics and evolution laws. This article focuses on the Li-long housing of Tianjin and clarifies its definition and typology framework. By analyzing the differences in geographical distribution, the separation of the social class of the residents and the overlap of the timeline of development, it explains the independence of evolution and the timeline of the old-style Li-long housing in Tianjin, and reveals that there is no inevitable inheritance or evolutionary relationship between the old-style and the new-style. In the end, it sorts out the autonomous and modernized evolution of the housing type of Li-long with courtyard in northern China which is different from the newstyle, enriching the modernization history of the housing of northern traditional type.