图析作为城市认知与设计工具的回顾性重构

A Retrospective Reconstruction:Mapping as an Interpretation and Design Tool for Urban Design

围绕经典形态学派研究时期、城市重构与新城发展研究时期、当代全球化多元主题研究时期3个阶段梳理了图析(mapping)的发展历程。聚焦全球不同地区,分阶段分析相关研究和设计实践的制图语境、制图者身份与代表人物、研究方法与技法、对城市认知与设计的意义。研究发现:1)人类对城市在认识论层面,由城市作为建筑向城市作为复杂系统转变;2)制图者早期主要为设计师,如今主要为跨学科学者共同体与多元利益主体;3)mapping操作方法与技术有地图剖解、比较、拼贴与组合等多样方式;4)mapping在城市认知与设计过程中,可作为处理空间信息的管理工具、呈现与交流的工具以及启发设计的工具。通过呈现mapping作为城市认知与设计工具的近百年图景,以期为城市设计科学研究提供系统方法,为城市设计实践提供从认知向设计转化的可能路径。

The research reviews the development of mapping as three periods:the classic morphological research era,the urban restructuring and new town development era,and the global diverse research theme era.The research analyzes the context of mapping,the role of the mapmaker and representative figures,mapping method and technique,and the meaning to urban interpretation and design at different eras and in different parts of the world.It is found that:1)on the theoretical level,the way that people perceive cities has transformed from city as architecture to city as complex system;2)the majority of the mapmakers were designers in the past,and now cross disciplinary scholars and multiple stakeholders have participated in the mapping process;3)map dissection,map comparison,and collage and map combination are the main mapping technical methods;4)mapping is taken as a tool for handling spatial data,for presentation and communication,and for design.By offering a portrait of mapping development trajectory for almost a century,the research intends to provide scientific and systematic methodology for urban design research and a possible trajectory from interpretation to design for urban design process.