应用膳食平衡指数评价成都某农村地区老年居民膳食质量

Evaluation of diet quality of rural elderly residents with Diet Balance Index in Chengdu

目的应用中国膳食平衡指数(DBI-16)评价成都市某农村地区老年居民膳食质量。方法随机抽取成都市某农村地区参与2021年度社区体检的老年人,对其进行膳食调查并运用DBI-16对其膳食质量进行评价。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验、χ2检验及方差分析。结果共纳入1275例老年人。被调查老年人中,1214例(95.22%)存在推荐“常吃”、“多吃”或“适量”进食食物的摄入不足,中、高度摄入不足有465例(36.47%);1049例(82.27%)存在推荐“少吃”、“不吃”或“适量”进食食物的摄入过量,中、高度摄入过量有202例(15.84%);处于膳食失衡状态的老年人数高达1272例(99.69%),中、高度失衡老年人有725例(56.86%)。对各个食物组摄入情况进行分析,发现该地区老年人存在主食摄入不均衡、蔬菜水果、奶类豆类食物摄入量较少,动物性食物摄入量过多,食物多样性程度低,同时纯能量食物(酒和糖)摄入超过推荐量等问题。结论该地区老年人群中膳食失衡比例高,建议增加新鲜蔬菜水果、奶类豆类等食物的摄入量,增加食物多样性,减少纯能量食物如酒的摄入量,将动物性食物的摄入量控制在适宜范围。应对该人群进行针对性的健康教育,以提高该地区老年人膳食质量。

Objective To evaluate the diet quality of the elderly in rural area of Chengdu using Chinese Diet Balance Index(DBI-16).Methods The elderly were randomly selected for diet survey and the diet quality was evaluated using DBI-16.SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test,χ2 test or Fisher exact test depending on data type.Results This study included 1275 elderly patients totally.Among them,1214(95.22%)had under-intake of food recommended to be“eaten often,”“eaten more”or“eaten in moderation,”with 465(36.47%)having medium or high level of insufficiency;1049(82.27%)had over-intake of food recommended to be“eaten less”“eaten none”or“eaten in moderation”,with 202(15.84%)having medium or high level of over-intake.As many as 1272(99.69%)elderly people experienced dietary imbalance,with 725(56.86%)being of medium and high imbalance.The analysis of the food intake of each group found that the elderly in this region had dietary problems such as imbalanced intake of staple food,low intake of vegetables,fruits and milk legumes,too much intake of animal foods,low food diversity,and too much intake of pure energy foods(alcohol and sugar).Conclusion The elderly in this region showed a high proportion of dietary imbalances.It is recommended to increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits,dairy and soy products,increase food diversity,reduce the intake of pure energy foods,and to keep the intake of animal foods in an appropriate range.The targeted health education should be conducted for this population to improve the diet quality.