官服·仕宦·心态——论白居易的官服书写

Official Uniforms,Officialdom and Mentality——On Bai Juyi’s Official Uniform Writing

在唐代政治制度、礼仪制度、社会风貌和审美格调影响下,官服成为文学作品常见的书写对象。官服是品秩、身份、地位和角色意识的外在象征,在文人政治生活中扮演着极为重要的角色。在唐代文人中,白居易的官服书写极具代表性,涉及官服佩饰、服色,以及借服、赐服、典服等特殊的官服现象等,构成了唐代礼制文化制度的重要组成部分。官服承载着白居易初入仕途时进取与不甘、迁谪起伏时喜忧参半以及晚年退隐时厌宦与知足等复杂的仕宦经历、角色意识和心态变迁,形成了在服饰文化传统、政治统治力量以及官本位意识作用下的多元仕宦情结,体现了复杂政治生态下中唐文人的角色抉择与挣扎,在丰富诗歌内容,增添诗歌韵味,强化诗人情感之外,为中唐诗歌的多样书写开拓了新的领域。

Under the influence of the Tang Dynasty’s political system,etiquette system,social style and aesthetic style,official uniforms became common objects of writing in literary works.The official uniform was an external symbol of rank,identity,status and role awareness,and played an extremely important role in the political life of the literati.Among the literati of the Tang Dynasty,Bai Juyi’s official uniform writing is very representative,involving official clothing ornaments,clothing colors,and special official dress phenomena such as borrowing,giving,and pawning clothing,which constitute an important part of the Tang Dynasty’s ritual cultural system.The official uniform carries Bai Juyi’s complex officialdom experiences,role consciousness and mentality changes such as being enterprising and unwilling when he first entered his career,in a mixed mood when he moved to the top,and having aversion to officialdom and contentment when he retired in his later years,forming a multiple officialdom complex under the role of the cultural tradition of clothing,political domination and officialdom consciousness,embodying the role choices and struggles of the mid-Tang literati under the complex political ecology,and opening up a new field for the diverse writing of mid-Tang poetry in addition to enriching the content of poetry,adding poetic charm,and strengthening the poet’s emotions.