著作权法公共领域的司法适用

Judicial Application of Public Domain in Copyright Law

著作权法中的公共领域是指不受著作权保护的知识领域,包括非可版权和可版权但基于公共利益所形成的公共领域、已过著作权保护期限的作品,以及著作权人主动放弃权利的作品。“财产权劳动学说”和“利益平衡理论”均蕴含着公共领域保留理念。公共领域可帮助确定著作权的权利边界,实现著作权法的公共利益目的。通过对案件的类型化分析,归纳当事人和法院对公共领域理论的适用方式发现,公共领域理论既可作为推断案件事实的证据适用,也可作为增强判决说理的理由应用。统一公共领域的内容和司法审查原则,可以实现公共领域理论指导著作权法的司法实践运用的目的。

The public domain in the Copyright Law refers to the domain of knowledge that is not protected by copyright,including non-copyrightable and copyrightable public domain formed based on public interests,works that have passed the copyright protection period,and works for which the copyright owner voluntarily waives the rights.Both labour theory of possession property and the interest balance theory contain the concept of public domain reservation.The public domain can help define the boundaries of copyright rights and achieve the public interest purposes of copyright law.Through a typology of cases,the way in which the public domain doctrine has been applied by parties and courts is summarised,and it is found that the public domain doctrine can be applied both as evidence to infer the facts of a case and as reasons to enhance the reasoning of a judgment.By unifying the content of the public domain and the principles of judicial review the purpose of the public domain doctrine guiding the judicial practical application of copyright law can be achieved.