基于GIS的民国时期归绥县聚落分布及其特征分析

The Population Distribution and its Characteristics of Guisui County During the Republican Period Based on GIS

基于1934年归绥县村级户口数据资料,运用GIS空间分析法分析民国时期归绥县聚落分布及其特征。结果表明:研究区聚落规模等级以中小村为主,规模较大的聚落分布少;不同规模等级的聚落呈“东北-西南”空间分布方向,规模大的聚落空间分布方向性强,向心力显著;聚落整体上集群分布模式显著,规模较小的聚落呈集群分布模式且聚集程度高;研究区聚落呈现“南密北疏”的多核破碎化空间分布特征,空间差异性显著,聚落冷热点区域空间分异明显,呈团状结构。研究区聚落主要分布于海拔小于1200 m、坡度小于4°的区域,规模较大的聚落低海拔、低坡度、邻河流、邻交通的指向性强。

The distribution and characteristics of settlements in Guisui County during the Republican period were analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis method based on the village-level household registration data of Guisui County in 1934.The results showed that the scale of settlements in the survey region was mainly small villages,and the larger scale of settlements was less distributed;the spatial distribution of different scalegrade settlements was in the direction of"Northeast-Southwest"and that of the larger settlements was of strong directivity and centripetal force;the small scale settlements distributed in cluster pattern and with high aggregation degree.The research also found that the spatial distribution of the settlements in the survey region was characterized by multi-core and fragmentation with"dense in the south and sparse in the north";it was obvious for the spatial difference and the spatial differentiation of the hot and cold spot for the settlements,presenting the characteristics of cluster structure.It was further indicated that the settlements were mainly distributed in the area with an altitude of less than 1200m and a slope of less than 4°;the larger settlements had a strong directivity of low altitude,low slope and adjacent to rivers or roads.