丽水市十三项呼吸道病原体感染情况及特点分析

Analysis of infectious situations and epidemiological characteristics of 13 respiratory pathogens in Lishui

目的了解丽水市呼吸道病原体感染情况及流行病学特征,为呼吸道传染病诊疗与防控提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析2020年3月至2021年12月丽水市人民医院收治的4035例呼吸道感染患者13项呼吸道病原体PCR毛细电泳核酸检测结果,并分析病原体感染分布特征。结果呼吸道病原体感染患者阳性检出率为32.24%(1301/4035),检出率前5位分别是HRV(16.60%)、HRSV(7.09%)、HPIV(2.87%)、HMPV(2.21%)、HADV(1.96%)。混合感染阳性占比为7.61%(99/1301),Boca病毒(76.0%)与Ch(46.15%)易与其它病原体形成混合感染。不同性别呼吸道病原体感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。虽然不同季节呼吸道病原体整体感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但HRV好发于春秋两季,而HPIV在春秋两季感染率较低,春季HRSV感染率较低,HADV在夏秋两季感染率较低,HMPV在冬季较为流行。未成年人呼吸道病原体感染率较高,HRSV、HRV、HPIV、HADV和Boca主要发生于未成年人组,InfB和HMPV在未成年和青年人群感染率都较高。结论未成年人群是呼吸道病原体易感人群,应加强未成年人呼吸道传染病防控。

This study sought to understand the infectious situations and epidemiological characteristics of 13 respiratory pathogens in Lishui to provide scientific strategies for the treatment and prevention of respiratory infectious diseases.A retrospective study of 13 respiratory pathogens was performed by PCR capillary electrophoresis in 4035 patients with respiratory infectious symptoms at Lishui People’s Hospital from March 2020 to December 2021.The distribution characteristics of the 13 respiratory pathogens were analyzed.The infection rate of respiratory pathogens was 32.24%(1301/4035),and the top five epidemic respiratory pathogens were HRV(16.60%),HRSV(7.09%),HPIV(2.87%),HMPV(2.21%)and HADV(1.96%).The mixed infection rate was 7.61%(99/1301)and was most frequent for Boca(76.0%)and Ch(46.17%)combined with other respiratory pathogens.The infection rate showed no significant differences between males and females(P>0.05).The difference in the whole infection rate for respiratory pathogens among seasons was not statistically significant(P>0.05).In contrast to HPIV,HRV was frequently observed in the spring and autumn;low infection rates were found in the spring for HRSV and in the summer and autumn for HADV;and HMPV was most epidemic in winter.The whole infection rate of respiratory pathogens was highest in minors.HRSV,HRV,HPIV,HADV and Boca primarily occurred in minors,and the InfB and HMPV infection rates were higher in both minors and youths.Minors were the main population susceptible to respiratory pathogens.Therefore,the prevention of respiratory infections should be strengthened for minors.