小核糖核酸病毒感染与人兽共患病的关系

Relationship between picornavirus infections and zoonotic diseases

小核糖核酸病毒作为重要的感染性病原体,其在基因突变和重组的驱动下表现出高度的遗传变异性,可感染从低等脊椎动物到哺乳动物等多种宿主,包括人类、非人灵长类动物、啮齿动物、蝙蝠、鸟类等。近年来,由新发病毒引起的人兽共患病受到公共卫生领域的广泛关注。鉴于小核糖核酸病毒种类的高度多样性,许多新发现的病毒属于小核糖核酸病毒科(Picornaviridae)的家族成员。目前,与人类疾病相关的小核糖核酸病毒在人群中的流行情况及其遗传多样性特征已有一定的研究基础。本文围绕小核糖核酸病毒的分子生物学特征、分类学以及可能引起人兽共患病的病毒属等进行综述,为进一步开展小核糖核酸病毒感染的预防控制和科学研究提供借鉴。

Picornaviruses are critical infectious pathogens that exhibit high genetic variability driven by gene mutation and recombination.They can infect various hosts including vertebrates and mammals,such as humans,primates,rodents,bats and birds.In recent years,zoonotic diseases caused by emerging viruses have received extensive public health attention.Picornaviruses have high diversity,and many novel strains belong to the family Picornaviridae.Many studies have demonstrated the epidemiology,evolution and genetic characteristics of picornaviruses in relation to human diseases.This review focuses on the molecular biological characteristics and taxonomy of picornaviruses and the picornaviruses causing zoonotic diseases,thus providing evidence for further control,prevention and scientific research of picornavirus infections.