四川盆地及其邻区下二叠统栖霞阶层序-岩相古地理特征及油气地质意义

Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics and petroleum geological significance of Lower Permian Qixia Stage in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas,SW China

通过对野外露头、测录井、岩心及地球化学资料分析,基于海平面升降、层序充填、古地貌与岩相的相互关系研究,恢复四川盆地及周缘下二叠统梁山组—栖霞组(简称栖霞阶)层序-岩相古地理及其演化过程。研究结果如下:栖霞阶可划分为SQ0、SQ1、SQ2共3个三级层序,各层序厚度所反映的古地貌表明,早二叠世栖霞阶沉积前四川盆地周缘发育古隆/古陆,盆地内部则为高地与洼地相间的古地貌特征;SQ2为栖霞组主要的成滩期,高能丘滩相主要发育于沉积古地貌高地等处;白云质岩类(白云岩、灰质白云岩和白云质灰岩)储集层分布与沉积地貌高地等具有良好相关性;有利丘滩、白云质岩类储集层具有沿台缘带规模分布的特点。指出四川盆地西部台缘带依然是目前勘探的重点领域,而台内成都—绵阳、广旺以及川中—川南地区是下一步栖霞组白云质岩类储集层有利的发育区。

Through the analysis of logging,field outcrops,cores and geochemical data,and based on the study of the relationships between sea level changes,sequence filling,paleo-geomorphy and lithofacies,the sequence lithofacies paleo-geography and evolution process of the Lower Permian Liangshan-Qixia Formation(Qixia Stage for short)in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are restored.The Qixia Stage can be divided into three third-order sequences,in which SQ0,SQ1 and SQ2 are developed in the depression area,and SQ1 and SQ2 are only developed in other areas.The paleo-geomorphy reflected by the thickness of each sequence indicates that before the deposition of the Qixia Stage in the Early Permian,the areas surrounding the Sichuan Basin are characterized by“four uplifts and four depressions”,namely,four paleo-uplifts/paleo-lands of Kangdian,Hannan,Shennongjia and Xuefeng Mountain,and four depressions of Chengdu-Mianyang,Kangdian front,Jiangkou and Yichang;while the interior of the basin is characterized by“secondary uplifts,secondary depressions and alternating convex-concave”.SQ2 is the main shoal forming period of the Qixia Formation,and the high-energy mound shoal facies mainly developed in the highs of sedimentary paleo-geomorphy and the relative slope break zones.The distribution of dolomitic reservoirs(dolomite,limy dolomite and dolomitic limestone)has a good correlation with the sedimentary geomorphic highs and slope break zones.The favorable mound-shoal and dolomitic reservoirs are distributed around depressions at platform-margin and along highs and around sags in the basin.It is pointed out that the platform-margin area in western Sichuan Basin is still the key area for exploration at present;while areas around Chengdu-Mianyang depression and Guangwang secondary depression inside the platform and areas around sags in central Sichuan-southern Sichuan are favorable exploration areas for dolomitic reservoirs of the Qixia Formation in the next step.