长白山亚高山草甸植物花部特征及对昆虫访花行为的影响

Floral Characteristics of Subalpine Meadow Plants and Effects on Flower-visiting Insects Behavior in Changbai Mountain

为探讨访花昆虫和显花植物的协同进化关系及其在长白山生态系统维持中的作用,采用样带法,调查长白山亚高山草甸显花植物花部特征及昆虫的访花行为.结果显示:植物的花部特征对访花昆虫的访花行为具有显著影响.鳞翅目昆虫偏好访问颜色比较鲜艳的头状、碗状等辐射对称的花;鞘翅目和双翅目倾向于访问白色、黄色等伞头状、头状花序的花;膜翅目昆虫偏好紫色、粉色、黄色的碗状、管状等两侧对称的花.不同访花昆虫类群对花色、花型和对称性的偏爱有所不同,白色花的访问率最高,红色花最低;多数昆虫倾向于访问伞头状、头状和辐射对称的花.

In order to investigate the co-evolution relation between flower-visiting insects and flowering plants,and the functions of ecosystem maintenance in Changbai Mountain,belt transect method was used to survey the floral characteristics of flowering plants and flower-visiting insect behavior in subalpine meadow.The results were as follows:the floral characteristics of plants significantly affected the visiting behavior of flower-visiting insects.Lepidoptera preferred to visit head and bowl-shape flowers with bright colors.Coleoptera and Diptera tended to visit umbel-head,head flowers in white and yellow colors.Hymenoptera preferred bilaterally symmetrical flowers with bowl and tube flower in purple,pink and yellow.The preference of flower color,shape and symmetry was different among insect groups,white flowers have the highest visitation rate,red flowers have the lowest.Most insects prefer umbel-head,head and radially symmetrical flowers.