中国心灵诗学之理论建构

The Theoretical Construct of the Chinese Poetics of Spiritual Mind

本文在中国诗歌文化的论域,首次系统提出中国心灵诗学的概念。目前的诗学,还只是一个文艺学的概念,而中国诗学最深的义涵,是文化的结晶体。在中国文化中,“心”是广大精微、更能涵盖文化之中国性、更具中国文化特色之概念。道心、人心只是一心之不同认知觉解,所谓“一心开二门”。借用西哲的概念,“心灵”起自“心”,是对“心”的自我否定,是一种更高的、经历否定运动的、充满灵性的“心”。但依中国文化,心灵不是独立于心之外或者超越于心之上的超绝概念,心灵就寄寓于心之中,心灵是自由之心。中国文化破除我执以混融万物而为一是无我,保证个人生命之自足与完整是有我,此“心灵境界”可谓“无我而有我”。中国文化合理想于现实,融高明性于中庸性,此“心灵境界”可谓“有限而无限”,是哲学境界,也是审美境界,或者说是具有审美性的“天地境界”。因而,中国心灵诗学,是由“心”转化为“心灵”但又包含了“心”之丰富性和具体性的诗学,是赋予天地万物与人类以更高心灵生命之诗学。

In the field of Chinese poetic culture,this paper is among the first to systematically propose the concept of a Chinese poetics of spiritual mind.At present,poetics is only a concept of literary theory and criticism,but the deepest meaning of Chinese poetics is the crystallization of its culture.In Western philosophical terms,spirit starts from the mind,which is a self-negation of mind,or a higher mind full of spirituality after the negation.However,according to Chinese culture,xinling(the spiritual mind) is not an absolute concept independent of or transcendental to the mind.It is embedded in the mind,as the mind of freedom.Such a realm of spiritual mind can be described as "having ego and yet having no ego" and "being finite and yet infinite." Therefore,the Chinese poetics of spiritual mind is one that endows all things in the world and human beings with a higher state of spiritual life.