“两头明,中间暗”--朱子对象山心学的批评及其蕴含的理论问题

‘Bright at Both Ends but Dark in the Middle’:Zhu Xi’s Critique of Lu Xiangshan’s Philosophy of Mind and Its Implicit Problems

朱子对象山之学的批评所涉范围甚广,其中一种重要的说法则认为象山说话常常是“两头明,中间暗”,并以此指象山之学为禅学。对此我们需要探讨的是,朱子所谓的“两头明,中间暗”具体所指为何?象山之学毕竟如何表现为“两头明,中间暗”?假如朱子的批评有所针对,则由其针对所透露出来的象山之学的理论问题又是什么?审如是,我们有必要探讨三个方面的问题,一是说明朱子批评的含义,二是顺朱子的批评而呈现象山学之教法上的特点,最后是提出一点拓展性研究,亦即站在当今哲学的立场显示象山之学所可能存在的理论问题并作出相应的反省。

Zhu Xi criticizes Lu Xiangshan’s philosophy of mind broadly,within which one important point is Zhu’s complaint that Lu’s discourse is often "bright at both ends but dark in the middle," marking it as essentially Chan.This paper proceeds from this criticism of Zhu’s to(1) explain the purport of Zhu’s complaint,(2) consider certain points of Lu’s teaching in light of Zhu’s criticism,and finally(3) consider possible theoretical problems exposed in Lu’s philosophy from a modern philosophical point of view and reflect on them further.