土地要素空间配置对区域经济发展的影响:基于建设用地指标跨省域调剂政策的分析

The Effect of Land Allocation on Regional Economic Development:An Analysis Based on the Inter-provincial Adjustment of Construction Land Indicators

现阶段,中国城市建设用地的空间供需矛盾严重制约了区域经济发展,土地资源的配置亟待优化。党的十九大以来,中央及各级政府出台了大量政策法规来缓解土地要素市场的扭曲,探索建设用地指标跨省域调剂就是其中的重要举措之一。基于2018年在东部八省和西部“三区三州”地区试点的城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标跨省域调剂政策,本文试图回答:建设用地指标的跨省域调剂是否对试点地区的经济发展产生了积极影响?实证结果显示,该政策促进了指标调出省份和指标调入省份的人均GDP增长,且对指标调出省份经济的提振作用更明显。这说明优化土地要素的空间配置可以同时促进发达地区和欠发达地区的经济发展,达到“双赢”的政策效果。此外,土地指标调出省份获得的土地调剂资金有效发挥了减贫效应,指标调出省份的农村贫困发生率显著降低。本文的结论为进一步推进建设全国统一的土地要素市场提供了经验支撑。

At this stage, the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban construction land has severely restricted the regional economic development in China, thus the allocation of land needs to be promoted urgently.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, both the central government and local governments have taken measures to correct the distortion of the land market, and conducting the inter-provincial adjustment of construction land indicators is one of these efforts.Based on the inter-provincial adjustment of surplus indicators of urban and rural construction land between eight eastern provinces and “San Qu San Zhou” in 2018,we aim to answer the following questions: does the inter-provincial adjustment of construction land indicators boost the economy of the pilot areas? Our empirical results show that the above policy has promoted the GDP per capita of both the eastern provinces and “San Qu San Zhou”,with a larger effect for the latter.These results imply that we can create a win-win situation by optimizing the spatial allocation of land elements.In addition, the indicator-adjustment funds obtained by the provinces from which the land indicators are transferred have played an important role in reducing the rural poverty incidence in these regions.The conclusions of our paper provide empirical evidence for the necessity of constructing a unified national land market.