碳中和之公众参与实现路径

Public Participation in Becoming Carbon Neutral and Its Implementation Paths

《巴黎协定》确定国家自主贡献的碳减排模式,但碳排放的直接主体是公众,并非国家,国家自主制定的碳减排目标需依赖公众参与实现。依据公众参与碳减排行为的源动力,可分为主动型参与及被动型参与,且可再向下细分为获利性参与、非获利性参与、公益性参与、政策性参与、抵抗性参与和司法强制性参与。政府可针对不同类型的公众参与制定政策,提高公众参与的积极性,进而提高公众参与度,控制碳排放量,以实现碳中和目标。中国综合国力已经跻身国际社会第一梯队,但在国际社会中的话语权与实力并不匹配,中国应把握低碳技术改革契机,成为全球大气治理的“引领者”,为全球气候治理贡献中国方案。

While the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC) was the carbon emission reduction model determined in Paris Agreement, the public, instead of the state, is the direct subject of carbon emissions, and the realization of carbon emission reduction goal set by the NDC is dependent on public participation. According to their motivation for participation in carbon emission reduction, public participation can be classified into two types: active participation and passive participation;it can also be further classified into six types: participation for profit, non-profit participation, public welfare participation, policy participation, resistant participation, and compulsory judicial participation. In order to achieve carbon neutrality, our government can develop policies for different types of public participation to increase the enthusiasm and engagement of public participation and to control carbon emissions. Although China’s comprehensive strength is among the highest echelon of internaitonal community, her right of speech in the international arena is out of proportion to her superior strength. Therefore, China should take the opportunity of low-carbon technology reform and become a “leader” in the global atmospheric governance by offering Chinese plan for global atmospheric governance.