汉初伦理化自然观的逻辑进程

The Logical Process of the Ethical View of Nature in Early Han Dynasty

汉初思想家通过向天地万物注入儒家的道德元素而形成了伦理化的自然观。贾谊通过“道”和“气”赋予了儒家之“德”的形而上学的内涵,为儒家经典与道德观念的合理性提供了客观性论证,奠定了汉初自然观伦理化演进的逻辑基础。《淮南子》不仅以“道”为万物的本原,而且认为“道物一体”,并通过“物类相动”的根源性阐释,提出了具有伦理化倾向的“天人相通”的自然观。董仲舒一方面继承了贾谊从客观性世界为儒家思想提供合理性依据的致思路径,另一方面推进了《淮南子》“物类相动”与“天人相通”的观点,通过“天人同类”的证明,把儒家的道德观念归本于天,形成了交感互通的伦理化自然观。这种演进整合了儒家的“伦理秩序”和道家的“宇宙秩序”,为法家推动建立的大一统“政治秩序”提供了稳固的合理性依据。

By injecting Confucian moral elements into nature,thinkers in the early Han Dynasty form an ethical view of nature.Jia Yi(贾谊)endows the metaphysical connotation of Confucian“De”(德)through“Dao”(道)and“Qi”(气),which provides objective demonstration for the rationality of Confucian classics and moral concepts,and lays the logical foundation for the evolution of the ethical view of nature in the early Han Dynasty.Huainanzi(《淮南子》)not only takes Dao as the origin of all things,but also believes that“Dao and all things integrate”(道物一体);through fundamental interpretation of“interaction among things in the same category”(物类相动),the scripture put forward the ethics-oriented view of nature:“interaction between Tian and Ren”(天人相通).Dong Zhongshu,for one thing,inherits Jia Yi’s thinking path which provides reasonable grounds for Cnofucianism from the objective world,and for another,further develops the thought of Huainanzi about“interaction among things in the same category”and“that between Tian and Ren”.Through proving“Tian and Ren falling into the same category”(天人同类),he attributes the Confucian moral concept to“Tian”,and forms an ethical view of nature in which“Tian”and“Ren”interconnect each other.The evolution integrates the“ethical order”of Confucianism and the“cosmic order”of Taoism,which provides a stable and reasonable basis for the“political order”promoted by Legalists.