复调中的具像、群体与合唱:《我是女兵,也是女人》中的“他者”意识

Image,Group and Chorus in Polyphony:The“Other”Consciousness in“War’s Unwomanly Face”

诺贝尔奖得主S·A·阿列克谢耶维奇的作品《我是女兵,也是女人》是一部前苏联女兵的采访实录,其完整记述了女兵们经历的战时苦痛与战后创伤:战争中,原有的价值体系和伦理道德被悬置,女兵们承受着生理与心理的双重伤害;战后她们回归本位,但他者的地位却未改变,因无法融入社会而产生身份认同危机。作家以个体复调描摹他者具像,以群像复调亲近他者苦难,以作家与人物复调引领他者“合唱”,体现了后现代伦理学倡导的对“他者”的负责意识。《我是女兵,也是女人》不仅呼吁战争年代和平永驻,更彰显出在多极化的世界格局下,推动人类社会伦理共同体构建的重要性。

The work“War’s Unwomanly Face”by Nobel laureate S·A·Alexievich is an interview record of female soldiers in the former Soviet Union,which fully describes the wartime pain and post-war trauma experienced by female soldiers.During the war,the original value system and ethics were suspended,and female soldiers suffered both physical and psychological damage.After the war,they returned to the standard,but the status of the other did not change.Because they could not integrate into the society,they had an identity crisis.The writer describes the other’s image with individual polyphony,approaches the other’s suffering with group image polyphony,and leads the other’s“chorus”with writer and character polyphony,which reflects the sense of responsibility for the“other”advocated by post-modern ethics.“War’s Unwomanly Face”not only calls for peace in the war years,but also highlights the importance of promoting the construction of the ethical community of human society in a multipolar world.