灵活用工“泛平台化”突围:基于从业者社会保险权益保障的视角

Flexible Employment “Pan-platform” Breakthrough: Based on the Perspective of Social Insurance Rights and Interests of Practitioners

灵活用工朝着“平台化”方向发展,以平台是否直接面向用户形成了直接用工和间接用工的模式。由于国家政策大力支持新就业形态,加之灵活用工“平台化”可有效降低用人单位的用工成本,该用工形式得到快速发展。但当实体企业均转向平台灵活用工时,此种现象就值得警惕了,如若“平台化”被推到极致将衍生出灵活用工的“泛平台化”隐忧。由于灵活从业者的“身份”与“社保”进行了捆绑,他们无法加入社会保险,其社会保险权益受损。实现灵活用工“泛平台化”突围,应将灵活从业者的社保待遇与劳动关系进行剥离,在间接用工模式下塑造灵活从业者的“类雇员”角色,进而建立起平台灵活从业者“类社会保险”制度。塑造方法在于明确“类社会保险”将主要用于化解职业风险,塑造路径应解决参保方案、保险给付等规则设计问题。

Flexible employment is developing towards the trend of“Platform”,and the direct and indirect employment modes are formed depends on whether the platform is directly oriented to users.Because the national policy strongly supports the new employment form,and the flexible employment“platform”can effectively reduce the employment cost of employers,so that it has been developed rapidly. When the entity enterprises all turn to flexible employment on the platform,this kind of phenomenon is worthy of vigilance. If the“platform”is pushed to the extreme,then has derived from the“pan-platform”concerns of flexible employment. Due to the binding of“identity”of flexible practitioners and“social insurance”,the flexible practitioners can not join the social insurance,which damages their social insurance rights and interests. To achieve the“pan-platform”breakthrough of flexible employment,it is necessary to separate the social security benefits and labor relations of flexible practitioners,shape the role of flexible practitioners as“Quasi-employees”under the indirect employment mode,and then shape the“quasi social insurance”system of platform flexible practitioners.The shaping method is to make it clear that the“quasi-social insurance”is used to solve the occupational risks,and the shaping path must solve the problems of rule design such as insurance scheme,insurance payment rules and so on.