《说文解字》表意字集中归部的诸部研究

Research on the phenomenon of the placement of ideogram in a group in Shuowen Jiezi

从归部层面看,同形复体字、变体字以及只含一个成字义符的合体象形字与合体指事字,只能根据字形特点“据形系联”进行归部;异形合体表意字的归部有两种不同的情况,一是少数字只有一个义符是《说文》部首系统中的成员,只能取该义符“据形系联”进行归部,一是多数字的两个义符都是《说文》部首系统中的成员,根据“以类相从”的原则选择其中一个义符归部。《说文》合体表意字的归部特点及归部原则是“以类相从”。

In the aspect of classification,the radicals of all ideogram are governed by Shuowen Jiezi(《说文解字》).Classifications of homographs compound words,the deformed Chinese Characters,compound pictograph and compound referring words that contain only one morpheme as a word are mainly relying on the rule of“linking by form”according to the font characteristics.There are two different cases on the classification of combined ideogram that consisting of different Chinese Character components,a character may be a radical if it has only one morpheme in Shuowen Jiezi,then it can be classified into a morpheme department on the basis of“linking by form”;if a word’s two morphemes are radicals,then the word can be classified into one of the two morpheme departments on the basis of the rule of“classification according to the meaning”in Shuowen Jiezi.The characteristics and principles of compound ideograph are“classification according to the meaning”in Shuowen Jiezi.