两用生物技术的安全风险影响因素分析与防控策略

Analysis and countermeasures of security risk factors of dual-use biotechnology

近年来,基因编辑技术、纳米生物技术及干细胞技术等两用生物技术的安全风险呈现出参与者的扩散化、技术发展的多元化及潜在威胁的数字化等发展趋势。为实现对两用生物技术安全风险的全面系统分析,综合应用公共安全三角形理论模型和风险生成理论相关知识,针对两用生物技术特征,提出了两用生物技术安全风险分析模型。该模型以两用生物技术安全风险事件为中心,分别从两用生物技术风险形成要素、风险触发条件、风险表现形式和风险管控能力4个方面对两用生物技术安全风险影响因素进行了全面系统的分析。提出了应控制风险生成的源头、阻断风险条件的创造、提高各类风险的处置能力、推动风险防控体系的建设等建议,进一步加强两用生物技术安全风险管控。

In recent years,the security risks of dual-use biotechnology such as gene editing technology,nanobiotechnology,and stem cell technology have shown development trends such as the proliferation of participants,the diversification of technological development,and the digitization of potential threats.In order to realize the comprehensive and systematic analysis of the security risk of dual-use biotechnology,a dual-use biotechnology security risk analysis model was proposed based on the public safety triangle theory model and the related knowledge of risk generation theory.The model takes dual-use biotechnology security risk events as the center,and comprehensively and systematically analyzes the influencing factors of dual-use biotechnology security risk from four perspectives:risk formation factors,risk trigger conditions,risk expression forms and risk management and control capabilities.Recommendations were put forward,such as controlling the source of risk generation,blocking the creation of risk conditions,strengthening the ability to deal with various risks,and promoting the construction of a risk prevention and control system,so as to further strengthen the dual-use biotechnology safety risk management and control.