由传世案例数据看汉代复仇案件处理

Analyzing the Handling of Revenge Cases in the Han Dynasty Using the Data of Handed down Cases

两汉四百年是中国法律史上极为重要的一个阶段,我们现在所熟悉的中华法系的形象和特征有很大一部分正是在两汉时期形成的,故而汉代法制史研究在中国法律史研究中一直占有重要的地位。而在汉代法制史中,复仇案件无疑是极为浓墨重彩的一笔。就现存的汉代律文来看,除了在东汉时期短暂存在的《轻侮法》之外,并未发现更多允许私人复仇的条文。那么,在这种官方不支持甚至是禁止的情况下,复仇案件为何屡屡发生?而其结果却往往并未按照“杀人者死”这一简单的逻辑进行处理,因此其具有强烈的时代背景和研究价值。汉代复仇案件处理的结果和过程对“法律儒家化”问题是一个具体而生动的注解。对这一问题的研究,既是对秦汉风俗及法律现实的一种梳理,也有助于了解汉代以后中国复仇风俗的演进和发展,对于“中华法律传统究竟是如何形成的”这一问题具有可管中窥豹的功效。

The 400 years of the Han Dynasty is a significant stage in the history of Chinese law.A large part of the image and characteristics of the Chinese legal system that people are familiar with now was formed in the Han Dynasty.Hence,studying history of legal system in Han Dynasty has an important position in the field of Chinese legal history.In the legal history of the Han Dynasty,the case of revenge is undoubtedly a vital part.Judging from the existing legal texts of the Han Dynasty,except for the short-lived“Law of Insults”in the Eastern Han Dynasty,no more provisions allowing private revenge were found.Then,in the case of these official disapproval or even prohibition,why revenge cases occur frequently,and the results are often not handled according to the simple logic of“the murderer dies”,is worthy researching with a profound background.The results and process of handling revenge cases in the Han Dynasty concretely and vividly commented on the issue of“Confucianization of the law”.The study of this issue is not only a kind of sorting out the customs and legal reality of the Qin and Han Dynasties,but also helps to understand the Chinese revenge customs after the Han Dynasty.The evolution and development have the effect of giving a glimpse of how the Chinese legal tradition came into being.