职普协调发展背景下中职教育的发展困境与改革路向

The Development Predicament and Reform Direction of Secondary Vocational Education in the Context of the Coordinated Development of Vocational Education and General Education

职普协调发展是适应国家发展战略和产业转型升级的需要,是满足国家高质量教育体系建设的内在要求,是促进人才多样化发展的现实需求。近年来,虽然国家出台了一系列政策为职普协调发展保驾护航,但仍存在诸多实践问题。从教育内部看,主要存在部分中职学校办学条件不完善、“双师型”教师数量不足且能力结构不合理、实践性课程内容脱离工作岗位需求、办学特色不鲜明等问题;从教育外部看,主要存在中职教育的社会认同度不高等问题。在职普协调发展背景下,中职教育要破解上述发展困境,必须进行如下改革:深化产教融合,促进中职教育内涵式发展;创新教师培养模式,加强“双师型”教师队伍建设;优化专业及课程设置质量,凸显行业企业办学特色;扭转公众认知偏差,提高中职教育社会认可度。

The coordinated development of vocational education and general education is a need for national development strategy and industrial transformation and upgrading, an internal requirement for national high-quality education system construction, and a real need to promote the diversified development of talents. In recent years,although the national government has issued a series of policies to ensure the coordinated development of vocational education and general education, there are still many practical problems. Internally, there are problems such as the inadequate running conditions of some secondary vocational schools, the insufficient number of double-qualified teachers and unreasonable ability structure, the contents of practical curriculum are not in line with the needs of jobs, and unclear school running characteristics.Externally, there are problems such as the lack of social recognition of secondary vocational education. Under the background of coordinated development of vocational education and general education, to solve the above development dilemma, secondary vocational education should carry out the following reforms: deepen the integration of vocational education and industry to promote the connotative development of secondary vocational education;innovate the teacher training model to strengthen the construction of double-qualified teachers;optimize the quality of majors and courses settings to highlight the characteristics of industry and enterprise in school running;and reverse the public perception bias to improve social recognition of secondary vocational education.