非遗传统手工技艺传承模式特征与演化趋向——对三种典型传承模式的比较分析

Characteristics and Evolutionary Trends of the Inheritance Model of Traditional Handicrafts of Intangible Cultural Heritage——Comparative Analysis of Three Typical Inheritance Models

不同的经济形态、生产方式和社会结构造就了传统学徒制、学校教育和现代学徒制三种不同的非遗传统手工技艺传承模式。基于教育要素、制度要素和功能要素的分析框架,纵向分析可知,非遗传统手工技艺传承模式的历史变迁既是传承路径不断丰富拓宽的过程,也是由非正规培训制度向正规教育制度的转换过程。横向比较则可获得非遗传统手工技艺传承模式的演化趋向,即教育要素趋向融合、制度要素日益规范和功能要素侧重点不断转换,这为非遗传统手工技艺传承生态的构建提供了有益思考。

Different economic forms,production methods and social structures have created three different inheritance model of traditional handicrafts of intangible cultural heritage,including traditional apprenticeship,school education and modern apprenticeship.Based on the analysis framework of educational,institutional and functional elements,the longitudinal analysis shows that the historical change of the inheritance model is both a process of enriching and widening the inheritance path,and a transition process from the informal training to the formal education system.A cross-sectional comparison reveals an evolution trend of the inheritance model,that is,the integration of educational elements,the increasingly standardized institutional elements,and the continuous transformation of the focus of functional elements.This provides a valuable reference for the construction of an ecology of traditional handicrafts of intangible cultural heritage.