妊娠期非营养性贫血的相关因素分析

Analysis of Relative Factors of Non-nutritional Anemia in Pregnancy

贫血是最常见的血液学异常,临床上将贫血定义为一种血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)浓度和(或)红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)数量低于正常水平,且不能满足机体生理需求的病症。贫血影响世界近1/3的人口,由于月经失血、妊娠(RBC生成相对不足)和产时失血等生理变化,育龄妇女贫血的患病率明显高于男性,并且其发病率逐年增加。在诸多妊娠期合并症中,妊娠期贫血较为常见,由此也带来了围产期并发症和母儿远期并发症的发生。由于贫血与妇女、儿童的多种疾病的发生和发展息息相关,使临床医生和研究者越来越关注这一疾病。妊娠期贫血大多与营养不良、铁缺乏有关,但是在某些特殊的地区,非营养性贫血也不容忽视。铁调素与Hb的相关性,感染、遗传等因素导致贫血,海拔高度与Hb之间的关系,均是临床医生关注的热点。为此,文章主要探讨妊娠期非营养性贫血的相关影响因素。

Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality,which is clinically defined as a condition where hemoglobin(Hb) concentration and(or) red blood cell(RBC) number is lower than normal,and cannot meet the physiological needs of the body.Anemia affects nearly onethird of the world’s population.Due to the physiological changes of menstrual blood loss,pregnancy(relatively insufficient RBC generation) and prenatal blood loss,the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age is significantly higher than that in men,and its incidence increases year by year.In many pregnancy comorbidities,pregnancy anemia is more common,which also brings about the occurrence of perinatal complications and maternal and child long-term complications.As anemia is closely related to the occurrence and development of multiple diseases in women and children,clinicians and researchers are increasingly concerned about this disease.Anemia in pregnancy is mostly related to malnutrition and iron deficiency,but in some special areas,non-nutritional anemia can not be ignored.The correlation between hepcidin and Hb,infection,genetics and other factors lead to anemia,and the relationship between altitude and Hb are all the focus of clinicians.Therefore,this paper mainly explores the relevant influencing factors of nonnutritional anemia during pregnancy.