不同加气方式和灌水量对滴灌加工番茄耗水及生长的影响

Effects of Different Aeration Methods and Irrigation Amounts on Water Consumption and Growth of Processed Tomato under Drip Irrigation

探究不同灌溉定额与加气方式互作对加工番茄耗水及生长特性的影响,提出适宜北疆滴灌加工番茄的最佳水气组合模式。通过大田试验,设置4个灌水水平(W1-5400 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W2-4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W3-4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W4-4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和2种加气方式(物理加气O1、化学加气O2),以不加气为对照(S),共12个处理。加气提高了加工番茄耗水量,对全生育期而言,物理加气和化学加气较不加气处理耗水量分别提升13.65%和9.27%。加气降低了0~80 cm土层平均含水率,在膨大一期,加气处理下含水率变化最明显,物理加气和化学加气较不加气处理平均含水率分别降低6.38%和5.32%。物理加气对加工番茄生理生长指标的提升最为显著,较不加气处理,膨大期叶绿素含量提高6.49%,成熟期地上干物质量提高4.13%。物理加气4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2)水气组合下叶绿素含量、果实形态和单果质量达到最大,耗水量增幅效果最大。物理加气下灌水量为4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2)是较为适宜的水气结合模式,可为北疆滴灌加工番茄加气灌溉实际应用提供理论依据。

To explore the effects of different irrigation quotas and aeration methods on water consumption and growth characteristics of processed tomato,the best water and aeration combination model suitable for drip irrigation of processed tomato in Northern Xinjiang was proposed.Through field experiment,12 treatments,which were included in 4 irrigation levels(W1:5400 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W2:4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W3:4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2),W4:4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),2 aeration methods(physical aeration O1,chemical aeration O2)and control group(no aeration S),were set up.The results showed that aeration increased the water consumption of processed tomato.In full growth period,compared with treatment of no aereation,the physical and chemical aerations increased water consumption by 13.65%and by 9.27%,respectively.Aeration reduced the average moisture content at the 0-80 cm soil layer.In phase I-fruit expansion,the average water content respectively decreased by 6.38%and 5.32%under physical and chemical aereation treatment.Physical aeration significantly increased the physiological growth indicators of processed tomato.Compared with the treatment of no aeration,the chlorophyll content during the expansion stage increased by 6.49%,and the aboveground dry matter quality during the mature stage increased by 4.13%.Chlorophyll content,fruit shape and single fruit mass were the maximum,and the increase of water consumption was also maximum under combination of water and air with physical aeration 4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2).The irrigation water volume under physical aeration was 4950 m^(3)·hm^(-2),which was more suitable as a water-air combination model.The results can provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of aerated irrigation of processed tomato under drip irrigation treatment in northern Xinjiang.