为“抢人”而竞争——基于地方政府公共卫生服务的有效供给研究

Competition for Immigrants:A Research on the Effective Supply of Public Health Services by Local Government

随着人口红利的减少和资本投入拉动经济增长的效率下降,作为劳动者和消费者的人在城市经济发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。“为抢人而竞争”逐渐成为地方政府间竞争的一种新方向。本文基于2014-2017年中国流动人口动态监测数据构建了197个地级市的空间面板数据,以流动人口公共卫生服务有效供给为例,对地方政府间的竞争行为进行了研究。结果发现,地方政府为流动人口提供的公共卫生服务有效供给与该地区相邻城市之间存在显著正相关关系,并且这种竞争关系在同省内的城市间更加明显。相比于中西部地区,东部地区地方政府间的竞争更加激烈。进一步通过2018年流动人口居留意愿对这种竞争行为的效果进行检验,证明地方政府间的竞争的确提升了流动人口的居留意愿,即地方政府间关于公共卫生服务有效供给的竞争行为达到了“抢人”的目的。

With the decrease of demographic dividend and the decline of the efficiency of capital investment driving economic growth, Residents as workers and consumers come to play a increasingly important role in urban economic development. Competition for more residents has gradually become a new development mode of local governments. Based on the dynamic monitoring data of China’s floating population from 2014 to 2017, this paper constructs the spatial panel data of 197 prefecture level cities in China to demonstrate the competitive mode of local governments in terms of the effective supply of public health services for the floating population. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the public health services provided by the local government for the floating population and the adjacent cities in the region, which imply a competition among the adjacent cities for attracting more residents, and the competition is more obvious among the cities of the same province. The competition among the cities in the Eastern region is more intensive comparing with the central and western regions in China. It is verified by the floating population’s migratory intention in 2018 that the competitive relationship of local governments do strengthen the floating population’s migratory intention, that is, the competitions for more immigrants among the adjacent cities force the the local governments to increase the effective supply of public health services.