早熟梨新品种早玉的选育

Breeding report of a new early ripening pear variety Zaoyu

早玉是以甘梨早6为母本、黄冠为父本杂交选育而成的早熟梨新品种。果实扁圆或圆形,果皮绿黄色,平均单果质量280.9 g;果面光洁,锈斑无或极少,果点小、隐疏;果肉乳白色,肉质细、酥脆,石细胞极少,汁液多,酸甜适口,有香味;果心小。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.4%~14.3%,可溶性糖含量8.4 g·100 g^(-1),可滴定酸含量0.162 g·100 g^(-1),果肉维生素C含量4.0 mg·100 g^(-1),品质优良。该品种树势中庸,萌芽率高,成枝力低,以短果枝结果为主,连续结果能力强。在甘肃张掖地区8月上旬成熟,货架期20 d,冷藏条件下可贮藏4个月。适宜在我国西北、华北、长江流域等梨产区推广种植。

Zaoyu is a new early ripening pear cultivar with quality fruits bred from the cross of Ganlizao 6×Huangguan.The cross was made in 2009 and it was selected as a promising strain in 2015.The variety comparison tests and production adaptability tests were carried out with Zaosu pear as contro from 2016 to 2020.It performed well in the field trials for the early ripening,superb quality,high and stable yield,strong resistance to adversity,wide adaptability,and excellent comprehensive traits.I passed the validation of forest tree species in Gansu Province in December,2020 and was registrated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as non-major crop varieties in January,2022.In Zhangye area of Gansu Province,Zaoyu blossomed in late April and the fruits ripened in early August.The frui development days were about 100 days,and the fruits ripening date was about 20 days earlier than tha of Zaosu.The fruit was flat or round,with greenish-yellow skin.The average single fruit mass was280.9 g.The fruit surface was smooth and clean,with no or very few rust spots and tiny fruit spots.The flesh was creamy white,fine,crispy,juicy,sour sweet and aromatic,with very few stone cells.The frui heart was small.The soluble solids content was 12.4%-14.3%,soluble sugar content 8.4 g·100 g^(-1),titratable acid content 0.162 g·100 g^(-1),vitamin C content 4.0 mg·100 g^(-1) pulp.The fruit quality was excellent.The shelf life of the fruits was 20 days and the fruits could be stored for more than 120 days under refrigerated conditions.The tree of the variety had a moderate growing vigor with high budding rate low branching force,easy flowering,abundant spurs,high fruiting rate and strong continuous fruiting ability.It would be suitable for close planting cultivation and be easily maintained in cylindrical shape at full fruiting stage.