极早熟杏新品种陇杏3号的选育

Breeding of a very early ripening apricot cultivar Longxing No.3

陇杏3号是以甘肃地方优良品种曹杏为母本,通过自然杂交、实生选育的极早熟优良新品种。果实圆形,平均单果质量60.4 g,最大单果质量81.6 g;果皮底色为黄色,成熟时阳面显红晕,果面有茸毛,果皮中厚。果肉橙黄色,肉质细,纤维少,汁液多,酸甜适口。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.4%,可溶性总糖含量5.79%,有机酸含量1.02%,糖酸比5.68,维生素C含量4.2 mg·100 g^(-1)。果核圆形、褐色、离核、甜仁。甘肃省兰州市安宁区3月中旬花芽萌动,3月底至4月初始花,6月中下旬果实成熟,属极早熟品种。树势中庸,易成芽,以短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主。该品种外形美观,品质上,适宜在甘肃及周边杏栽培区发展。

Longxing No.3 is a very early ripening apricot cultivar,which was selected from natural hybridization with Caoxing as the female parent.Longxing No.3 is round with an average fruit weight of60.4 g.The fruit peel is yellow and reddish in the sunny side when it ripens.The surface of the fruit is fluffy and the fruit peel is medium thick.The fruit of Longxing No.3 has orange flesh with delicate texture and little fiber.Longxing No.3 is an attractive with excellent flavor and quality,abundant juice,intense fruity aromas,pleasant sweetness and sourness,a soluble solids content of 12.4%,a total soluble sugar content of 5.79%,a total acid content of 1.02%,and a vitamin C content of 4.20 mg·100 g^(-1).The fruit stone of Longxing No.3 apricot is round,brown and separated easily from the flesh,and the kernel is sweet.The flower is showy and the anther is lightly yellow.In Anning district of Lanzhou,China,the flower bud of Longxing No.3 starts to break in the late March;initial blooming mostly occurs in the late March to the early April;the full blossom stage generally takes place in the early April;and the flowering period can last about 8-9 days.The ovary gradually bulged after the flowers wither;the fruit matures in the mid to late June,about 65 days after blooming.The leaf buds break in mid-April and expand in the late April.The leaves start falling in mid-October and completely fallen in the early November,and the vegetative growth of the tree lasts for about 215 d within a year.The tree vigor of Longxing No.3 is moderate,with a semi-open canopy.and the cultivar produce flowers easily.T Self-pollination rate for Longxing No.3 apricot is very low and suggested to be a self-incompatible cultivar.Only by planting suitable pollinizers can it set fruit well,and Golden-sun and Zhanggongyuan are suitable pollinizer cultivars for Longxing No.3.The rate of pollen germination increases with the increase in temperature with the range of 10-25℃.Pollen begins to germinate in 4-8 hours at 15℃.Longxing No.3mainly bore on the short and cluster branches in the fields,although various types of branches can flower and fruit.It has such characteristics as early ripening,high yielding and good quality,it can be stored for 4-5 days under ambient temperature.It is suitable for both protected field and open field cultivation.Longxing No.3 has strong adaptability to adverse environments,high and stable output,and high-quality fruit,which has nice appearance.It is suitable to be cultivated in Gansu and surrounding plains,hills and mountains,and other regions suitable for apricot planting in China.