中国樱桃新品种梁弄红的选育

Breeding report of a new Chinese cherry cultivar Liangnonghong

梁弄红是从中国樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus L.)实生资源中选育出的优良品种。果实心脏形,平均单果质量4.5 g,最大可达7.4 g。果实紫红色,果肉淡黄色,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.6%,可滴定酸含量0.32%,维生素C含量5.78 mg·100 g^(-1),味甜,品质好,不易裂果。果实生育期48 d左右,在浙江宁波4月中下旬成熟,成熟期比主栽早熟品种诸暨短柄晚4~7 d。植株生长势强,适应性和抗病虫性较强,易栽培。适合排水良好、土层深厚的砂(砾)壤土及相似生境种植,第2年开花结果,第5~6年进入盛果期,丰产、稳产。

Liangnonghong was an excellent variety selected from the seedling resources of Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus L.) in 2008 for its large fruit and bright colors.The morphology and biology of the mother plant and its grafted offsprings were stable.After regional adaptability testing at three sites (including Yuyao,Xiangshan,Dongyang counties) from 2016 to 2021,it was finally selected in 2022.About this cultivar,an inflorescence of corymbs usually contains 3-6 flowers.The flowers are large,with an average diameter of 2.98 cm and a maximum diameter of 3.42 cm.A flower has 5 round petals,1 pistil,and 28-37 stamens with the purple-red anthers.The color of the petals gradually fades with the opening time,changing from rose red to white.The amount of pollen is large,and the pollen germination rate can reach 52.17%.Liangnonghong has strong self-fruitfulness ability.Fruit is heartshaped with few deformed fruits and a slightly protruding top.The average single fruit mass is 4.5 g and it is up to 7.4 g at maximum.The fruit skin is purplish red and the flesh is light yellow.The soluble solids content of the flesh is about 15.6%,the titratable acid content is 0.32%,and the vitamin C conten is 5.78 mg·100 g^(-1).The fruit stalk is long and thick with an average length of 2.01 cm and a maximum length of 2.14 cm.The fruit stalk is not easy to fall off.The fruit is not easy to crack and can be stored for 2-3 days at room temperature.The integrated quality of the fruit is excellent.In Ningbo region,Zhejiang province,the fruit development period is about 48 d.The mature period is in Mid-late April,4-7days later than that of the main early maturing variety Zhujiduanbing.The whole harvest period can continue for 10-13 days.The variety can bear fruits earlier and has good yield.The tree can bear a small amount of fruits in the second year after planting and enters the massive fruiting period in 5-6years after planted.The average yield can reach 5700 kg·hm^(-2).The more fruits are produced on middle and long branches of the young trees,while the fruits of adult trees are rich on boundray branches,shor fruit branches and medium and long fruit branches,and the fruiting parts are easy to shift outwards.The plant has strong growth vigor,strong adaptability and disease resistance,and is easy to cultivate.It is suitable for planting on sandy loam and similar habitat with good drainage and deep soil layer.Grafting propagation is the main method.Spacing in the row and spacing between rows are (3-4) m×4 m.The tree shape is appropriate to apply open-center system or central leader system.