草莓新品种红玉的选育

Breeding of a new strawberry cultivar Hongyu(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)

红玉是由红颊×育种材料2008-2-20杂交选育而成的早熟、抗病草莓新品种。该品种果实长圆锥形,平均单果质量22.4 g,果面橙红色、光泽度强、果肉橙红色、髓心空洞无或小;果实种子带宽度中等,种子凹入果面;果实萼心凸出,萼片平展;果实风味脆甜可口,香气浓郁,全年平均可溶性固形物含量(w)为11.3%,果实硬度中等,为1.96 kg·cm^(-2),耐贮运。在浙江杭州地区,9月上旬定植,11月中旬果实成熟;植株中抗炭疽病、灰霉病;耐低温弱光照性强,丰产,产量达35 t·hm^(-2);育苗容易。适合中国大部分地区大棚促成栽培,该品种花序高于叶面,栽培时需起高垄,垄高35 cm以上。

Hongyu is a new early-ripening and disease-resistant cultivar(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.).The seedling was derived from a cross between Benihoppe(female parent)and a strain coded as 2008-2-20(Sweet Charlie×Benihoppe,male parent)at the experimental field.Through artificial pollination,503 hybrid seeds were obtained in April 2010 and 225 seedlings growing from these seeds were planted in September.In 2012,the strain 2010-2-17,one of the hybrid seedlings,was initially selected for its early-ripening,disease-resistance,larger fruit size,good taste and so on.It was then propagated largely for cultivating test.After regional adaptability testing at 5 sites(including Xiayang,Jiande and Fuyang in Hangzhou,Changping in Beijing,and Shuangliu in Sichuan province)over four years from 2013 to2016,it was finally selected and applied for the protection right of new plant varieties named as Hongyu in 2017.The growth vigor of this cultivar is moderate and the growth habit of the plant is spreading.In January under forcing culture conditions,the plant height is 26.3 cm and the crown diameter is28.6 cm.The leaves are long with medium green color.The leaf length is 8.8 cm and the leaf width is6.2 cm.The petiole length is 16.5 cm.Hermaphrodite flowers are white and the corolla diameter is 3.3 cm.The inflorescence is higher than the leaf surface and the number of flowers per inflorescence is 12-20.The fruit is mainly long conical with evenly colored orange-red peel and shine surface.The flesh is also orange-red with no or small pith cavities and pleasant aroma.Seeds recess into the fruit surface.The calyx of the fruit is protruding and the sepals are flat.The average fruit weight is 22.4 g.The fruit tastes crisp and sweet with some sour.The average soluble solids content is 11.3%and the soluble sugar content is 7.8%.The fruit firmness is moderate with an average of 1.96 kg·cm^(-2).Around Hangzhou area of Zhejiang province,seedlings are usually planted in early September.The fruits start to ripen in mid-November and the plant enters full fruit period in mid-December.The harvesting period can last until May of the following year,and fruit yield can reach up to 3.5 t·hm^(-2).The cultivar is moderately resistant to anthracnose and Botrytis cinereal,and has similar resistance to powdery mildew as Benihoppe.The fruit is suitable for long time storage and transportation.The cultivar is tolerant to low temperature and week light,capable of continuous fruiting,and suitable for forcing culture in most areas of China.It is needed to apply enough base-fertilizer for higher yield.The height of planting ridges should be more than 35 cm.According to the growth of the plant,old and diseased leaves should be removed in time,and fertilizer supplement should be timely and appropriate.