锌的生理功能及其在猪养殖中的应用

Physiological Function of Micromineral Zinc and Its Application in Pig Breeding

锌是动物生长、发育及繁殖等生理过程中必需的微量元素,根据营养需要量,其是仅次于铁的第二微量元素。锌在动物体内分布广泛且存在组织差异性,空肠和回肠是锌吸收的主要部位,锌调控转运蛋白(zinc-regulated transporter-like proteins,Zip)、锌转运载体(zinc transporter,ZnT)和金属硫蛋白通过调控锌的转运影响动物机体锌的平衡与代谢。锌是动物体内多种酶的组成成分及激活因子,其一方面作为酶的成分调节细胞进程,另一方面作为信号分子参与信号转导,调控动物采食、氧化还原、免疫、代谢及繁殖等生理过程。目前,锌在饲料中应用的形式主要有无机、有机以及纳米锌等,不同形式锌的生物学效价存在差异。饲粮锌与猪采食、抗氧化、免疫、代谢及繁殖等生理功能密切相关,随着猪不同生理阶段营养需求的变化,锌的需要量也不同,此外,饲粮锌的水平及来源不同对猪生理活动的调控及应用效果也存在差异。本文旨在为微量元素锌在猪养殖中的深度发掘提供理论参考,推动中国猪养殖产业的健康发展。

Zinc is an essential micromineral for physiological processes such as the growth, development, and breeding in animals, and it ranks only second to iron micromineral according to micronutrient requirements.Zinc is widely distributed with tissue differences and is mainly absorbed in jejunum and ileum of animal.Both zinc-regulated transporter-like proteins(Zip) and zinc transporter(ZnT) of Zinc transport proteins, and metallothionein involve in zinc balance and metabolism in animal.Zinc is the component and the activity factor of many enzymes in animal, it on the one hand regulates cell processes as the constituent of enzyme, and on the other hand involves signal transduction as the signal molecule to regulate animal physiological functions of feed intake, redox, immune, metabolism, reproduction.At present, dietary zinc mainly includes inorganic, organic, and nano-zinc styles, which display different biological value.Dietary zinc is associated with physiological functions on feed intake, redox, immune, metabolism, reproduction of pigs, while zinc requirement varies with swine nutrient requirements during different growth stages.In addition, physiological regulation and applicative effects of dietary zinc display variations due to zinc levels and sources.The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical references for the deep excavation of microelement zinc, thereby promoting the healthy development of pig industry.