不同甲哌鎓滴施剂型筛选及其对棉花生长发育调控效果研究

Screening of different dropping formulations about mepiquat chloride and their effects on cotton growth and development

棉田滴施甲哌鎓一直备受关注,为研究新型缓释甲哌鎓滴施剂型及其对棉花调控的作用效果,探寻缓释甲哌鎓滴施可行性。设5种剂型(H1、H2、H3、H4、H5)处理,普通缩节胺(S)和清水对照(CK),开展盆栽试验,大田设低(90.0 g hm^(-2))、高(180.0 g hm^(-2))2个浓度水平,进行剂型筛及棉花农艺性状与产量调控效果调查。结果表明,盆栽条件下,5种不同剂型甲哌鎓滴施出苗整齐度基本在66%以上,壮苗率受品种影响差别较大,在40%~70%之间;除H3外,各剂型甲哌鎓滴施均有控高效果,与CK和S相比,株高分别降低32%~41%和24%~35%,25 d后株高直观差异明显。大田条件下,处理S控高效果最好,CK增高最快,缓释甲哌鎓高浓度时各处理均有较好控高效果且与CK差异显著,低浓度时H5株高61.0 cm,与S效果相近且无显著差异,其他处理与CK无显著差异。棉花株宽、茎粗、主茎叶数、果枝台数等农艺性状各剂型处理分别在26.0~35.0 cm、9.5~11.5 mm、13~14片、7~8台之间,与CK和S比均没有显著影响。新型缓释甲哌鎓可促进现蕾,使蕾铃数增加,到6月28日(盛花期)H1低、高浓度下蕾铃花总数分别为12.7个和11.5个比S多2.0个和0.8个。最终产量表现为低浓度各处理均高于高浓度,H5产量最高,为7267.26 kg hm^(-2),分别高出CK和S 40%和33%,其次为H1。综合分析,H1、H5控高塑型及产量表现比较好,可进一步展开相关试验研究。

The drop method of mepiquat chloride is an important research field in cotton.In order to explore the new sustained-release dropping formulation and its effect on cotton regulation,the following experiments were carried out.The dropping formulations were screened by pot cultivation with five kinds(H1,H2,H3,H4,and H5)of dripping application form,and common mepiquat chloride(S)and water as the control(CK).To investigate the screening of different dosage forms and the effect of regulating cotton agronomic characters and yield,two concentration levels of low and high(90.0 g hm^(-2) and 180.0 g hm^(-2))were set in the field.The results showed that under pot conditions,the uniformity of five different formulations of mepiquat chloride was basically above 66%,and the seedling growth rate greatly affected by the variety mostly between 40% and 70%.Plant height was reduced by 32%-41% and 24%-35%,respectively,and there was significantly different in plant height after 25 days.Under field conditions,treatment S had the best height control effect,CK increased the fastest,and all treatments had better height control effects at high concentrations of sustained-release mepiquat chloride and were significantly different from CK.At low concentrations,plant height of H5 was 61.0 cm.The effect was similar to S and had no significant difference,and other treatments had no significant difference with CK.Cotton plant width,stem diameter,the number of leaves in main stem,and the number of fruit branches were 26.0-35.0 cm,9.5-11.5 mm,13-14 pieces,and 7-8 sets,respectively,which had no significant difference with CK and S.The new type of sustained-release mepiquat chloride could promote bud initiation and increase boll numbers.By June 28(peak flowering stage),the total number of flowers and bolls in two concentration levels of H1 were 12.7 and 11.5 per plant,respectively,which were 2.0 and 0.8 higher than that of S.The final yield of all treatments at low concentration was higher than that of high concentration.And the yield of H5 was the highest(7267.26 kg hm^(-2)),which was 40% and 33% higher than CK and S,respectively,followed by H1.In conclusion,dropping formulations of H1 and H5 control plant height,shape plant type and yield performance was better,and further related experimental research can be carried out.