湘西地区军事本草植物资源研究(Ⅱ)治疗创伤药用植物调查分析

Military Material Medica Resources from Western Hunan,China(Ⅱ)Investigation and Analysis of Trauma Treatment Medicinal Plant

通过对湘西地区治疗创伤药用植物调查分析,进一步了解该地区军事本草植物资源状况。采用野外实地调查、标本采集与鉴定、文献查阅等方法对其军事本草治疗创伤药用植物资源进行统计分析。结果表明,该地区军事本草治疗创伤药用植物共有348种,隶属110科228属,以菊科、豆科、唇形科及凤尾蕨属(Pteris)、酸模属(Rumex)、卷柏属(Selaginella)等为优势科属。生活习性以草本为主,生境分布以山坡为主。地理成分复杂多样,科以世界分布为主,属以泛热带分布为主,种以中国特有分布和东亚分布为主。水平分布南北部具有一定差异,垂直分布在海拔500~1000 m范围内军事本草治疗创伤药用植物分布最多。主要功能分为治疗烧烫伤、止血、治疗跌打损伤三类,化学成分主要为萜类化合物、苷类化合物、甾类化合物。针对创伤治疗,药用植物的应用方法以外敷和内服为主,其次是煎水或泡酒。药用部位以全草和根茎为主。湘西地区军事本草治疗创伤药用植物资源丰富,应注重开发利用与保护。

In order to further understand the situation of miltary materia medica resources in western Hunan,the wild medicinal plants for trauma treatment were investigated.Field investigation,specimen collection and identification,literature review and other methods were used to statistically analyze the medicinal plant resources of its military materia medica for trauma treatment.The results showed that there were 348 species of trauma treatment medicinal plants of military materia medica in this area,belonging to 228 genera in 110 families,with Compositae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,and Pteris,Rumex and Selaginella as the dominant families and genera.The living habits were dominated by herbs,and the habitat distribution was dominated by hillsides.The geographical composition was complex and diverse.The families were mainly distributed by Cosmopolitan,the genera were mainly distributed in the pan tropics,and the species were mainly distributed in endemic to China and East Asia type.There was a certain difference in the horizontal distribution between the north and the south,and the most medicinal plants for trauma treatment were distributed vertically within the range of 500–1000 m above sea level.The distribution of miltary materia medica medicinal plants for trauma treatment was the most.The main functions of the medicinal plants were divided into three categories,treatment of burns and scalds,hemostasis and treatment of traumatic injuries.The chemical components in the medicinal plants were mainly terpenoids,glycosides and steroids.For trauma treatment,the application methods of medicinal plants were mainly external application and oral administration,followed by decoction or wine.The medicinal parts were mainly whole grass and rhizome.There were abundant resources of military medicinal plants in western Hunan,so we should pay attention to the development,utilization and protection.