招飞医学选拔定选阶段眼科不合格原因分析与思考

Causes of ophthalmological disqualification during the final stage of medical selection of Air Force pilot cadets

目的 分析招飞医学选拔定选阶段眼科不合格项目的原因,提出相应的解决对策。方法 随机抽取参加2022年度空军招飞医学选拔定选的2 243名普通高中生和253名空军青少年航空学校学生,依照相关标准对参检学生进行医学检查,分析和总结眼科项目的不合格率和构成比。结果 医学选拔定选阶段,近视超标是青少年航空学校学生不合格率最高的项目,为11.07%,其次是眼底周边部异常,为3.95%,排在第3~5位的分别是黄斑部异常、复性远视散光、玻璃体混浊和共同性外斜视。普通高中生眼科不合格率最高的项目是眼底周边部异常,为3.70%,其次是近视超标,为3.30%,排在第3~5位的分别是共同性外斜视、远视力不足及混合性散光。结论 学生身体发育变化、边缘性异常标准解读差异和漏诊是导致招飞定选阶段眼科不合格的主要原因。提高检测人员和设备的数量和质量及完善青少年航空学校的近视防控举措是目前的主要对策;具体解决方案应是进一步加强青少年的近视防控专项调查和随访,以及组织专科专项业务培训。

Objective To analyze the causes of ophthalmology-related disqualification during the final stage of medical selection of Air Force pilot cadets and propose countermeasures. Methods A total of 2 243 students from ordinary high schools and 253 students from Air Force teenager aviation schools who entered the final stage of medical selection of Air Force pilot cadets in 2022 were randomly selected. These students were subjected to health examinations by related standards. The rate of disqualification and constituent ratio of ophthalmic items were analyzed and summarized.Results In the final stage of medical selection of Air Force pilot cadets, the rate of disqualification(11.07%)was the highest with myopia that fell short of the standard among students from Air Force Teenager aviation schools, followed by fundus peripheral abnormalities(3.95%), macular abnormalities, compound hyperopia astigmatism, vitreous opacity and concomitant exotropia. The rate of disqualification due to fundus peripheral abnormalities was the highest among students from ordinary high schools, which was 3.70%, followed by myopia(3.3%), concomitant exotropia, low visual acuity and mixed astigmatism. Conclusion Changes during development of the body, different interpretations of borderline abnormalities and missed diagnosis account for most of the cases of ophthalmology-related disqualification in the final stage of medical selection. The main countermeasures involve improving the quantity and quality of doctors and equipment for medical selection, and taking more effective myopia prevention measures in Air Force teenager aviation schools.Effective solutions should be to further strengthen investigation and follow-up relating to myopia prevention in high school students and organize targeted training.