连续工作条件下军航飞行管制员的注意力分配特征研究

Attention distribution of military aviation flight controllers working long hours in a row

目的探讨军航塔台飞行管制员在连续工作条件下进行管制任务中的注意力分配特征。方法选取21名一线塔台飞行管制员进行长达3 h的模拟塔台飞行管制工作。采用Tobii glass3眼镜式眼动仪进行眼动数据采集,根据研究内容将模拟系统的屏幕划分为3个动态兴趣区:飞行计划区、雷达区和进出场区。将试验数据进行分段处理,即T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)时刻,每30 min为一段。结果军航管制员在不同兴趣区分配的注意资源差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从整体上来看,雷达区是管制的主任务,对雷达兴趣区的总注视持续时间、扫视持续时间以及注视点最多,在此分配的注意力资源最多(P<0.05)。T_(1)时刻为雷达区注意资源逐渐增多的敏感时刻(P<0.05)。对于飞行计划区,在管制任务初期时分配的注意资源相比进出场和雷达区为最多(P<0.05)。随着管制任务的进行及任务类型发生变化,管制员对飞行计划的熟悉度增加,在T_(3)时刻注意资源显著减少,呈现出先多后少的变化趋势(P<0.05)。结论管制员在任务刚开始时的注意力主要分配在飞行计划区,随着任务的进行,注意力资源向雷达区转移,可为管制员培训提供依据。

Object ive To explore at tent ion allocat ion of f ront-li ne m ilit a r y nav igat ion tower cont roller s who work long hou rs in a row.Methods Twent y-one f irst-line tower f light cont rollers were selected to engage in simulated tower f light cont rol of 3 hou rs.The Tobii Glass 3 ophthalmometer was used to collect data on eye movement.The screen of the simulation system was divided into three dynamic areas of interest:the f light planning area,radar area and entr y and exit area.The data on experiments were processed in segments,that is,T,T,T,T,Tand T,with each 30min as one segment.Results There were signif icant differences in attention resources allocated by militar y traff ic controllers in different areas of interest(P<0.05).On the whole,the radar area was the focus of control,so the total duration of fixation and scanning in this area was the longest while the numbers of points of attention and resources of attention allocated here were the largest(P<0.05).Twas the sensitive time when attention resources in the radar area increased gradually(P<0.05).There were more attention resources allocated at the initial stage of the control mission in the f light planning area than in the entry and exit area and the radar area(P<0.05).With the progress of the control task and changes of types of tasks,the controllers became more familiar with the f light plan,and attention resources decreased signif icantly at T(P<0.05).Conclusion At the beginning of the mission,the attention of the controllers is concentrated in the f light planning area,and with the progress of the mission,attention resources are t ransfer red to the radar area,which can provide evidence for the t raining of controllers.