民航飞行学员视觉注意分配特征研究

Visual attention distribution of flying cadets

目的对不同学习阶段飞行学员的视觉注意分配特点进行测量和分析,探讨民航飞行学员视觉注意分配特征为民航飞行学员的选拔与训练提供参考。方法随机抽取南京航空航天大学民航飞行学院48名飞行学员,大四与大一飞行学员各24人,采用经典多目标追踪任务与点探测任务相结合的双任务范式,比较2组飞行学员在不同追踪负荷的追踪绩效,并运用点探测任务来考察其注意分配特征。结果大四民航飞行学员与大一民航飞行学员在多目标追踪任务中的正确率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在点探测任务中,组别和探测刺激出现位置的交互作用显著(F_((2,92))=5.318,P=0.005),大四民航飞行学员对点探测刺激出现在空白区域的觉察率显著高于大一民航飞行学员(P<0.001)。结论大四民航飞行学员具有良好的注意分配能力,能根据不同任务合理分配注意资源,拓展用于民航飞行学员的选拔和知觉训练。

Objective To measure and analyze visual attention distribution of flying cadets in different stages of lear ning in order to provide reference for the selection and t raining of civil aviation cadets.Methods For t yeight cadets(24 f irst-year students and 24 forth-year students)were selected to analyze their tracking performance on multiple object t racking tasks u nder different t racking loads before the dot-probe detection task was used to investigate their patter ns of visual attention distribution.Results There was no signif icant difference in tracking accuracy between the two groups of students(P>0.05).In the dot-probe detection task,the interactions between the groups and the location of the detection stimuli were significant(F_((2,92))=5.318,P=0.005).A simple effect test showed that the forth-year students had a significantly higher awareness rate of point detection stimuli in the blank area than the freshmen(P<0.001).Conclusion The forth-year students have a ability to distribute attention in that they can allocate attention properly according to different tasks.The finding of this study can be used to expand the selection and perception training of flying cadets.