戴震与皖派朴学关系考察

The Investigation of the Relationship between Dai Zhen and the Wan School of Natural Philosophy

戴震在其《毛诗补传序》中明确的考证名物字义的治经方法和实事求是的治学精神,被不疏园学者奉为圭臬,标志着皖派朴学矩矱的形成。他避仇入都后,通过结交学界名流、宣讲皖派朴学的治学方法和治学精神、推介江永及其著作,皖派朴学逐渐被京都学界所接受。戴震认为文字、音韵、训诂、历算和水地等都是订经的必要资助,故开拓出多元考据对象,并各有独到的建树。经过师友、弟子的笃守与广传,戴震倡导的情感哲学、因声求义的训诂学、勇于改字的校勘学、重视地理沿革的方志学以及西学中源的天算学,皆发展为独立的学科门类,戴震亦获得“皖派宗师”的尊称。皖派朴学在戴震的引领下终于突破地域限制,成为有清一代显赫的学派。

In the Preface to the Supplementary Notes of Mao Poems,Dai Zhen defined the classical exegetical method of textual research on names and words and the spirit of seeking truth from facts,which was adhered to by the scholars of Bushu garden.This marked the formation of Wan School of Natural Philosophy.After Dai Zhen entered Beijing for evading his enemies,he made friends with famous Scholars,preached the learning methods and spirit of the Wan School of Natural Philosophy,and introduced Jiang Yong and his works,which made the Wan School of Natural Philosophy was gradually accepted by the academic circles in the capital.Dai Zhen believed that words,phonology,exegesis,names and objects,systems,calendar calculation,and hydro-geography were all necessary subsidies for classical research,so he developed multiple textual research objects with unique achievements.Through the sincerely believes and wide spread by Dai Zhen’s teachers,friends and disciples,the emotional philosophy,the exegesis of seeking the meaning of words from the sound,the collation of boldly changing characters,the local chronicles of paying attention to the geographical evolution,and the astronomy and mathematics late spread to the west,which were advocated by Dai Zhen,have all developed into independent disciplines and achieved fruitful results.Dai Zhen has also been called the“Master of Wan School”.The Wan School of Natural Philosophy under the guidance of Dai Zhen finally broke through the regional restrictions and became a prominent school in the Qing Dynasty.