“绿水青山”的经济价值评价:研究进展、挑战与展望

Economic Value of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains”: Progress,Challenges and Prospect

正确评价“绿水青山”良好生态系统服务的经济价值,是推进生态文明建设、保障生态资源永续利用的核心所在。围绕近年来我国生态系统服务价值评价的代表性研究,系统梳理了该领域在评价方法、时空分布及评价结果等方面存在的问题和挑战。结果发现:1)现有研究中生态系统及其服务类型的定义没有统一框架,部分生态系统及服务类型的价值涉及有限;2)基于一手数据的实证研究数量相对较少,评价方法同质性较高;3)不同研究之间的价值结果差异悬殊,时空异质性考虑不足,评价结果缺乏可比性。为完善我国生态系统服务价值评价体系,需细化生态系统服务价值评价技术指南,建立可重复、可比较的评价体系;加强生态系统监测,提高生态系统服务价值评估的数据支撑能力;开发动态的价值评估模型,监测生态系统服务价值时空变动;鼓励生态学家和经济学家联合,探索交叉学科下的价值评估结果的可靠性;建立强制性约束的区域价值考核制度,丰富价值在规划决策中的应用场景;促进生态产品价值实现,以市场化交易制度倒逼价值评价体系完善。

Correct evaluation of the economic value of ecosystem services of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains” is the core of promoting ecological civilization construction and ensuring the sustainable use of ecological resources. Based on the literature review of ecosystem service value in China, this paper systematically reviews the existing problems and challenges in the valuation methods, spatio-temporal distribution and valuation results. The results show that there is no unified framework for the definition of ecosystem and its service in existing studies. The researches on economic value of some ecosystems and service types are limited. The number of empirical studies using primary data is relatively small, and the homogeneity of evaluation methods is high. Moreover, there are great differences in the results among different studies and insufficient consideration of spatio-temporal heterogeneity, which leads to the lack of comparability of evaluation results.These problems seriously restrict the policy guidance function of evaluation results in practice. Finally, from the aspects of improvement of valuation technology system, data support ability, dynamic monitoring of value, reliability improvement of results and practical guidance, this paper provides some relevant suggestions in order to recognize “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains” as soon as possible and improve the ecosystem service value system in China.