赤道几内亚巴塔总医院眼科患者中盲与低视力原因的调查研究

Investigation on causes of blindness and low vision in ophthalmic patients of Bata General in Equatorial Guinea

目的 调查分析赤道几内亚巴塔总医院眼科患者中盲与低视力的原因。方法收集2021年2月—2021年8月赤道几内亚巴塔总医院诊断为盲和低视力的病历。将患者的姓名、性别、年龄、最佳矫正视力、诊断录入Excel软件,建立病历数据库。由同一位主任医师根据诊断及眼科检查资料确定盲与低视力的主要原因,并记录数据。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行分析。结果 (1)一般情况:共纳入病历726例(1,020只眼)。其中盲208例(245只眼),低视力518例(775只眼)。(2)盲与低视力的原因:排在前3位的致盲的疾病是白内障(179只眼,73.06%)、视神经萎缩(23只眼,9.39%)和眼外伤(21只眼,8.57%);排在前3位的致低视力的疾病是白内障(646只眼,83.35%)、眼外伤(53只眼,6.84%)和视网膜疾病(33只眼,4.26%)。(3)白内障情况统计:白内障患者共计531例(825只眼)。其中,男性235例(402只眼),占比48.73%;女性296例(423只眼),占比51.27%。发病类型以年龄相关性白内障最多,共460例(742只眼),占比89.94%,混浊部位以核性混浊最多,共195例(311只眼),占比37.70%。结论 防盲及改善低视力的工作重点是提高国民收入水平及医疗技术水平。国外支援医疗队可在一定程度上减少盲和低视力患者数量,缓解当地缺医少药的状况。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of blindness and low vision in ophthalmic patients of Bata General Hospital in Equatorial Guinea.METHODS Medical records of blindness and low vision diagnosed by Bata General Hospital in Equatorial Guinea from February 2021 to August 2021 were collected. Patient’s name, gender, age, best corrected visual acuity, and diagnosis were entered into Excel software, and a medical record database was established. The main causes of blindness and low vision were determined by the same chief physician according to the diagnosis and ophthalmic examination results, and the data were recorded. Statistical software SPSS 23.0 was used for analysis.RESULTS(1) General situation:A total of 726 cases(1,020 eyes) were included in the medical records. Among them, 208 cases(245 eyes) were blind, and 518 cases(775 eyes) had low vision.(2) Causes of blindness and low vision: the top three causes of blindness were cataract(179 eyes, 73.06%), optic atrophy(23 eyes,9.39%) and ocular trauma(21 eyes, 8.57%). The top three diseases causing low vision were cataract(646 eyes, 83.35%), ocular trauma(53 eyes, 6.84%) and retinal disease(33 eyes,4.26%).(3) Statistics of cataract: There were 531 cataract patients(825 eyes). Among them,there were 235 male cases(402 eyes),accounting for 48.73% and 296 female cases(423 eyes), accounting for 51.27%. Age-related cataract was the most common type of cataract, involving 460 cases(742 eyes), accounting for 89.94%. Nuclear opacity was the most common part of opacity, involving 195 cases(311 eyes), accounting for37.70%.CONCLUSIONS The focus of prevention of blindness and improvement of low vision is to improve the level of national income and medical technology. Overseas supporting medical teams can reduce the number of blind and low-vision patients to a certain extent, and alleviate the situation of local shortage of doctors and medicines.