宽阻尼温域减震纳米偏高岭土共混氟橡胶复合材料的制备及研究

Preparation and Research of Nano Metakaolin Blended Fluororubber Composites with Wide Damping Temperature Range

为了拓宽氟橡胶宽阻尼温域和提高其阻尼性能,利用熔融共混法,将不同比例的纳米偏高岭土(NMK)填充到氟橡胶(FKM)基体中,制备一系列NMK/FKM纳米复合材料,并对不同质量分数NMK的NMK/FKM纳米复合材料进行动态力学热分析、基本力学性能测试和扫描电镜分析,研究其阻尼性能、静态力学性能和微观结构。结果表明:纳米偏高岭土填料可以明显改善氟橡胶的阻尼性能、拉伸强度;随着纳米偏高岭土填充份数的增加,NMK/FKM纳米复合材料的阻尼性能不断改善;当NMK质量分数为20%时,复合材料的宽阻尼温域最大,为79.41℃,拉伸强度达到12.8 MPa,相比纯FKM分别增大了217.64%和43.82%。其原因是NMK为纳米级材料,在提供弱的阳离子交换性和强离子吸附性方面有独特优势,在增强NMK与FKM分子间相互作用方面可能提供了一定的作用。

In order to expand the damping temperature range and improve the damping performance of fluorinerubber(FKM),a series of NMK/FKM nanocomposites were prepared by filling different proportion of nano-metakaolin(NMK) into the FKM matrix by melt blending method.The thermodynamic analysis, basic mechanical properties test and scanning electron microscope analysis of NMK/FKM nanocomposites with different mass fraction of NMK were carried out to study their damping properties, static mechanical properties and microstructure.The results show that nano-metakaolin filler can significantly improve the damping property and tensile strength of fluororubber.With the increase of filling content of nano-metakaolin, the damping property of NMK/FKM nanocomposites is improved continuously.When the mass fraction of NMK is 20%,the wide damping temperature range is increased to 79.41 ℃ and the tensile strength reaches 12.8 MPa, which is 217.64% and 43.82% higher than that of pure FKM respectively.The reason is that NMK is one kind of nanoscale material, which has unique advantages in providing weak cation exchange and strong ion adsorption, and may play a certain role in enhancing the interaction between NMK and FKM molecules.